臺灣近代化紡織業的出現，是以在地市場連結的黃麻紡織為首，爾後又在一 戰景氣熱潮的背景下出現苧麻紡織業。本論文係以產業史的框架出發，探討1937 年以前臺灣的黃麻和苧麻紡織業如何受到原料供應、市場競爭的影響，並從宏觀 的角度剖析麻紡織為何無法維持一戰時的景氣持續成長，並針對其發展限制進行 說明。 就黃麻紡織所需的原料來看，農民在選擇稻米和甘蔗等獲利較高的作物種植 因素下，黃麻常被排除在外。當島內栽培的黃麻產出不足以供應全島市場時，生 產者轉而從海外購入原料，且就本地栽培與進口黃麻間，選擇成本較低的原料進 行生產。生產者不論是使用在地或進口原料，均能因本地裝載米糖的黃麻布袋的 高度需求背景達到獲利。黃麻紡織原料與國際市場呈現連結的現象，實有別於以 往「戰前臺灣的農產加工業是以在地原料進行生產發展」的認識。 苧麻紡織工廠因需要品質較高的原料，故部分仰賴從中國提供，所產的苧麻 絲則透過帝國的流通網絡，銷售至日本國內與朝鮮。其次，因本地織布業者規模 薄弱、過去即存在中國進口的苧麻布，造成苧麻紡織工場幾乎將臺灣市場排除在 商業經營外，故臺灣可視為帝國發展苧麻事業加工基地之一環。至於臺灣所栽植 的部分苧麻，亦銷售至中國華南，作為當地發展家內工業織造的原料，並將所織 造的苧麻布銷售回臺，顯現出當時臺灣與華南間的「原料—商品」之分工關係。 以往對殖民地經濟史的研究多強調臺日之間的生產互補與市場連結性，較 少關注與日本經濟圈外的連結關係，經由本論文的研究，認為應進一步考慮臺灣與亞洲各地的貿易與市場連結之要素。對殖民地工業化的討論，除了以往研究常 提及的技術與生產要素外，仍要關注臺灣與亞洲經濟圈形成的原料供需體系，如 何影響本地生產者的原料採用決策，或運用臺灣資源作為周邊地區生產所需之原 料。

Taiwan’s modern-day textile industry emerged as a result of the rising popularity of jute textiles in local markets, and the introduction of ramie textile industry amidst booming economies following World War I. This study investigates the effects of raw material supply and market competition on Taiwan’s jute and ramie textile companies in the broader context of the history of textile industry. In addition, the study adopts a macro perspective in analyzing why the island’s hemp textile industry failed to continue to prosper and grow after 1937 and what were its development limitations. The raw materials used to manufacture jute textiles were not in ample supply as farmers often chose more profitable crops such as rice and sugarcanes over jute. When Taiwan’s jute output was unable to satisfy its market, producers purchased them from overseas. Between locally grown jute and imported jute, producers chose whichever that was less expensive. Nevertheless, both sources of jute produced profits because of the high local demand of jute bags for rice and sugar. The use of imported raw materials in jute textile industry at the time distinguished it from other agricultural products in Taiwan, which often relied on domestic raw materials, prior to World War II. As ramie textile factories needed high-quality raw materials to produce textiles, some purchased them from China. Ramie textiles were then sold to Japan and North Korea via the distribution networks established by the Empire of Japan. Because the demand for ramie was relatively low in Taiwan, Chinese ramie cloth and textile factories almost excluded the Taiwanese market from their business operations. Therefore, Taiwan may be regarded as a key location for the empire to develop its ramie industry. Some ramies grown in Taiwan were even exported to South China as raw materials for its ramie textile industry. The manufactured ramie cloth was subsequently sold back to Taiwan, highlighting the division of labor (i.e., raw material-finished good) between Taiwan and South China at the time. Studies of the economic history of colonies have mostly focused on Taiwanese and Japanese productions complementing one another and the close relationships between Taiwanese and Japanese markets. Little attention has been paid to the relationships between Taiwan and other markets. This study contends that more considerations should be given to the relationship between Taiwanese and other Asian trading markets. In terms of colonial industrialization-related discussions, one should not only address the commonly discussed topics of technology and production factors, but also notice Taiwan’s demand for raw materials from other Asian economic circles (and vice versa). Such relationships helped shape the decisions made by Taiwanese producers on their use of raw materials, and enabled Taiwan’s resources to be imported by surrounding countries as raw materials in their productions.

黃麻; 苧麻; 臺灣製麻株式會社; 臺灣紡織株式會社; 日華紡織株式會社

jute; ramie; Taiwan Jute Corporation; Taiwan Textile Corporation; Sino-Japanese Texitle Corporation