北極雖然仍舊有古典地緣政治的色彩，但總體來看係朝向批判性地 緣政治強調國際合作的發展趨勢，直到川普擔任美國總統方才出現變 數，美國開始呈現古典地緣政治的取向。川普政府國家安全戰略轉向 「大國競爭」，並強調「美國優先」，美國北極戰略也因此從國際合作 基調轉向「大國競爭」。鑑於美國將中國視為未來最大的戰略競爭對手 和安全挑戰者，意謂兩國在北極可能產生競爭與衝突，但這並不妨礙雙 方在北極的合作。兩國除已開展既有合作，許多領域也有合作的空間。

The Arctic reveals some characteristics of classical geopolitics and the overall trend in critical geopolitics, which emphasizes international cooperation. However, after Donald Trump became the president of the United States, variables emerged in the Arctic, leading the United States toward the direction of classical geopolitics. The Trump administration’s national security strategy has turned to great power competition and emphasized the principle of “America First.” Therefore, the U.S. Arctic strategy has shifted from international cooperation to great power competition. Since the United States regards China as its biggest strategic competitor and security challenger in the future, the two countries may engage in competition and conflict in the Arctic. Yet this does not hinder cooperation between the two countries in the Arctic. In addition to the existing cooperation between the two countries, there is room for cooperation in many fields.

北極;地緣政治;大國競爭;一帶一路;近北極國家

The Arctic; Geopolitics; Great Power Competition; One Belt One Road; Near Arctic State