澳門是中國的固有領土，未曾被割讓予他國，葡萄牙從未得到澳 門的合法統治權。1849 年至 1999 年，澳門經歷了主權與治權分離、華洋共 處分治的葡管中國領土歷史階段。縱使葡人在這段時期曾強行實施殖民統 治，然葡文化在澳門始終是客體文化而已。居澳華人子弟所接受的是私立 學校的中華文化教育而非殖民地教育。由於澳葡政府對本地非葡語教育缺 乏承擔，促成本土多元移植學制、課程和進口教科書的教育現象，難以培 養學生的澳門意識，影響人才的外流。本文試以「內部研究」文獻資料為 本，輔以口述歷史及田野調查質化研究資料，就歷史文化脈絡、族群關係 及澳葡政府政策，探討澳門主流學校的視覺藝術教育未受葡萄牙文化影響 的因素，強調在共賞中葡文化遺產基礎上，從文化反思視野，設計包含本 土知識之藝術課程的必要。

The uniqueness of Macao lies in the specificity of its historical experience as a Chinese territory under Portuguese administration from 1849 to 1999. In fact, Portugal never obtained legitimate recognition of sovereignty over Macao. Throughout the period of enforced Portuguese colonization, Chinese culture and values remained, as usual, the dominant practice of society. Owing to the laissez-faire policies of Macao’s colonial authority, private school education in Macao developed in an environment utilizing education systems and curricula adopted from the colonial center, coupled with imported textbooks. This policy is largely responsible for the lack of local cultural identity and the constant outflow of intellectual and human resources—influences whose consequences continue to be felt to this day. This paper traces the causes of the contemporary Portuguese-culture-free phenomena in the mainstream, private Chinese/English schools by examining the literature of diverse “insider’s studies,” bolstered by qualitative data from oral histories and fieldwork. It concludes by recognizing the urgency of establishing local cultural studies from a critical perspective in the visual arts curriculum.

澳門；內部研究；學制與課程；教科書；本土意識

Macao; insider’s studies; educational systems and curricula; textbooks; local cultural identity