文革研究作為西方知識界觀察中國的對象，無論是脫胎馬克思主 義或自由主義，都試圖將文革經驗收編於普遍性律則的知識框架中。 文革回憶採用普世律則，既富涵個人身分哲學的歷史經驗，又避免情 馭於理的直觀書寫。本文分析張戎與徐友漁的文革回憶策略，指出自 由主義與人道關懷的敘事介入了他們對文革的回憶，而回憶者回到文 革的同時，則開展了自由主義在西方所不具備的身分策略意義，亦即 提供了一個由外而內的視角，協助回憶者擺脫文革的情境。

Among many narrating strategies of writing memoirs of one’s Cultural Revolution experiences, the use of universalism is particularly noteworthy since universalism comes from the English world and is presumably unfamiliar to the Chinese narrators. Especially for those once Red Guards, who used to inflict “class enemies” in the revolutionary period, the adoption of a universalistic discourse may assist in achieving a retrospective standpoint that places the narrators somewhere external to their roles in the Cultural Revolution. In addition, such a discursive strategy could hold Mao Zedong responsible for abusing the loyalty of Red Guards in him and to that extent release Red Guards from guilt of following him blindly.

文化大革命;張戎;徐友漁;回憶錄;自由主義

Cultural Revolution; Jung Chang; Xu Youyu; Memoir; Liberalism