本文從新制度主義的三個研究領域（上游研究的制度選擇、中游 研究的制度設計、下游研究的制度影響）中的制度設計，討論哈薩克 脫離蘇聯並宣布獨立時，採取何種政治制度。經過將近十幾年的總統 集權制的運作後，其總統權力、國會政黨體系及府會關係等政治實務 運作結果，將如何影響其未來的政治轉型。最後本文發現影響哈國政 治發展的因素除了制度之外，亦應考量非制度因素在內。顯然哈薩克 的政治環境尚處於形式民主階段，離民主標準仍有一段距離。

This essay discusses the political system of Kazakhstan after its independence through the approach of neo-institutionalism, including institutional choice, institutional design, and institutional impact, but focuses on the political system itself. After presidential authoritarian operation of Kazakhstan for over a decade, this essay tries to analyze how the political system, such as the presidential power, party system of the parliament, and president-parliamentgovernment relation, influence Kazakhstan’s political transition in the future. Finally, this paper concludes factors, which influence the political development of kazakhstan, not only institutional factors but also non-institutional elements. The political environment of Kazakhstan is still far away from a real democracy and actually only a nominal one.

哈薩克;政治制度;總統權力;國會政黨體系;府會關係

Kazakhstan; Political System; Presidential Power; Party System of the Parliament; President-Parliament Relation