1920-1930 年代，東亞各地發生社會史論爭之時，臺灣也發生了影響深遠的社會史論戰，當時西方的自由主義、無政府主義與社會主義等近代性思潮大量引入臺灣，尤其以馬克思主義為主的社會主義思潮，深刻影響了知識分子對於社會變遷的近代性認識與想像。參與論爭的當事者依照不同理論觀點，對於臺灣與中國的近代社會經濟史作出不同的觀察，並據以提出對立的社會革命或社會改造方案。1980 年代晚期以來，隨著政治民主化言論空間大開，臺灣文學史與政治思想史學者重新關注這一論戰，詳細挖掘了這場論爭的內容與其歷史影響，並用以介入當時臺灣的政治與社會議題。值得注意的是，1990 年代以來社會經濟史學界對近代中國與臺灣社會經濟史的認識已有重大改變，西方與日本的社會主義運動與思想也已完全更新，但臺灣學界對該論戰的討論似乎仍本於之前的學術成見而展開，以致分析尚有許多不足之處。本文根據晚近以來對於社會經濟史以及社會主義史的研究成果，重新定位這場論爭與運動的歷史性質，以及其對當代臺灣歷史的意義。

Between 1920s and 1930s, East Asia saw extensive scholarly discussion on Social History Debate. During the same era, there was an influx of Western modern social theories including liberalism, anarchism, and Marxism, thus contributing to a climate of influential Social History Debate. Among these social theories, Marxist ideology had the most profound impact on the modern concept of knowledge and imagination among Taiwanese intellectuals. Different theoretical concepts on Taiwan and China's economic history were developed and different opposing programs of social revolution and social reform were formulated. Since the late 1980s, democratization led to freedom of speech and discussion. Hence, Taiwanese scholars on literary history and political history re-examined the essence of the Debate and its impact on Taiwan history, and used it as a weapon to get involved in Taiwan's political and social issues at that time. Of note is the significant change in knowledge on Taiwan and China's socio-economic history among socio-economic historians since the 1990s and the total transformation of socialist movements and ideas in western societies and Japan. Nevertheless, the analysis of Social History Debate by Taiwanese scholars was still made on basis of prior and outdated knowledge, making these analyses fragmented and far from complete. This paper re-examines the historical features of the Debate and its meaning in Taiwan history in the light of new knowledge on Taiwan and China's socio-economic history and global socialist history.

臺灣思想史;臺灣文學史;中國改造論;臺灣社會經濟史;全球社會主義史

Taiwan Intellectual History; Taiwan Literary History; Chinese Reform Debate; Taiwan Socio-economic History; Global Socialist History