康熙23年（1684），臺灣納入清朝版圖之後，漢人大舉來臺拓墾，並逐漸侵入原住民的生存空間。番、漢之間的糾紛和衝突不斷，甚至重大的社會動亂或抗清事件也牽連生番（高山原住民）地域。清廷為了統治和維護社會秩序，逐漸採取劃定番界政策，以限制漢人拓墾，並區隔漢人與生番的活動範圍。 　　乾隆15年（1750）、25年（1760）、49年（1784）以及55年（1790），清廷曾清釐界外土地四次，並繪製紅、藍、紫以及綠色等四張番界圖。其中，一般咸以藍線圖為現存唯一的番界圖，番界的相關研究也大概以其為基礎來重建或論述。不過，此圖地名缺漏和錯誤不少，或是空有圖形而未註記，其他番界圖的發掘，當有利於還原乾隆一朝臺灣的邊區圖像。 　　北京故宮博物院現藏一張乾隆朝的大型臺灣山水畫地圖，原題名為「臺灣田園分別墾禁圖說」。此圖繪有紅線、藍線以及紫線，加以著重於描述沿山番界地區，因此在地圖繪製脈絡上，應是乾隆49年繪製的「臺灣番界紫線圖」。更特別的是，圖上方有14,000餘字的四縣一廳圖說，詳述各地界外土地開墾、請禁狀況，彌足珍貴。 　　本文即以此圖為中心，分別從番界紫線的劃定、乾隆49年定界前的邊區以及定界後的番界和新墾區等面向，說明該圖所反映的乾隆末年帝國的領土政策和邊區圖像。

With Taiwan incorporated under Qing rule in 1684, there was a massive influx of Han immigrants from the China Proper. They invaded the living space of the aborigines, resulting in constant disputes and conflicts. There were even major social unrest and outbreak of anti-Qing rebellions involving the aboriginal regions. To exercise its ruling authority and to maintain law as well as order, the Qing court delineated clear boundaries between the Hans and the aborigines, thus separating their living areas and preventing further Han encroachment of aboriginal territories. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, four cadastral surveys were conducted on the lands outside the aboriginal frontier. Four maps were thus drawn up, each using lines of different colors, namely red, blue, purple and green. Among these, the blue-line map was the only aboriginal boundary map of Qing Taiwan preserved till today and served as the basis for related studies and discourse. However, there are missing place names, annotations and errors in the blue-line map. Hence, exploring other aboriginal boundary maps will contribute to the reconstruction of the frontier scene of eighteenth-century Qing Taiwan. Housed in the Palace Museum of Beijing is a large-sized landscape painting map back to 1784. It is titled "Illustration of Taiwan Paddy and Dry Land Reclamation and Prohibitions of Land Use". There are red, blue and purple lines marked on the map. The map shows emphasis on demarcating the aboriginal boundaries along the mountain areas and hence should be the "Purple-line Aboriginal Boundary Map of Qing Taiwan", drawn up toward the end of Qianlong's reign. There was also a 14,000-word description above the map, detailing the regulations and prohibitions for land reclamation in areas beyond the aboriginal frontier. With reference to this precious purple-line map, this paper describes the demarcation of aboriginal frontier, which separated the living space of the aborigines from the newly reclaimed regions, thus providing an overall image of the frontier scene of Qing Taiwan in 1784 and the imperial territorial policy during the reign of Qianlong.

臺灣田園分別墾禁圖說;番界;邊區;林淡案;清丈

Illustration of Taiwan Paddy and Dry Land Reclamation and Prohibitions of Land Use; Aboriginal Boundary; Frontier; Lin Dan Incident; Cadastral Survey