過去以來，「日本化東臺」政策一直是討論日本殖民治理東臺灣的主要論述。然而，昭和12年（1937）以後，國策會社臺灣拓殖株式會社在東臺灣的本島人（臺灣漢人）移民事業，卻顯現戰時東臺灣移民政策產生重大轉向。臺拓之所以一反過去移入日本內地人移民的殖民方針，轉而著力於本島人移民，理由有二。一是日治初期以來日本人官營移民事業成效不彰，導致內地化東臺計畫的破滅；二是戰時東部棉花和苧麻等軍需產業開發與南洋擴張之需。 　　臺拓在東臺灣的移民事業，是東臺灣移民史上規模最大的本島人移民。在臺拓的引導之下，1930年代中葉以降不但該地出現本島人移民潮，也是本島人再度向南洋移民的試金石。 　　由日治時期東臺灣移民政策規劃與執行的演變，充分展現帝國中央殖民想像和地方殖民治理之間的落差與距離。臺灣是日本的第一個殖民地，沒有殖民經驗的日本帝國中央，基於母國人移民符合母國政治利益的殖民想像，始終主張日本人農業移民。臺灣總督府的角色則具有執行母國意志和殖民治理性的雙重性。總督府最初固然必須服膺帝國意志，展開日本化東臺計畫，但是由於成效不理想，基於臺灣統治政績之考量，逐漸調整做法，中日戰爭之後更實質放棄該計畫。戰時臺拓為了東部軍需產業開發所進行的本島人準官營移民事業，即是總督府授意之下的具體展現。

Japanization' has always been the focus of discussion on Japanese rule in eastern Taiwan. However, after 1937, the Taiwan Development Company (TDC), a govern- ment body, became involved in immigration of Han Taiwanese on the island, rather than citizens from Japan, indicating a change in immigration policy in eastern Tai- wan during wartime. Two reasons accounted for such change. One was the failure of immigration ventures launched by the Japanese colonial government, which render- ed the goal of Japanization impossible. The other was the development of military supply industries such as cotton and ramie as well as the need for territorial expan- sion in Southeast Asia. In the immigration history of eastern Taiwan, the TDC were responsible for the Han Taiwanese immigration of the largest scale. The TDC not only sparked a wave of migration of Han Taiwanese to eastern Taiwan, but also served as a stepping stone for their migration to Southeast Asia. Changes in the planning and implementation of immigration policy in eastern Taiwan reflect the gap between the colonial aspirations of an imperial empire and its colonial rule in practice. Taiwan was the first colony of the Japanese Empire. Without any prior experience in colonial governance, Japan had all along deemed Japanese immigration necessary for the empire's political benefits. The Office of Governor-General in Taiwan served dual roles in realizing the goals of the Japanese empire and carrying out sensible colonial Japanese rule. Playing its first role, the Office of Governor-General implemented Japanization of eastern Taiwan. With the failure of such plan, it then switched its emphasis and eventually had to abandon this venture at the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War. It was under the urge of the Office of Governor-General that the TDC began to foster Han Taiwanese immigra tion to eastern Taiwan in order to meet the need for development of military supply industries in that region.

臺灣拓殖株式會社;東臺灣;本島人移民;軍需產業;殖民治理性;殖民想像

Taiwan Development Company; eastern Taiwan; Taiwanese Immigrant; Military Supply Industries; Colonial Governmentality; Colonial Imagination