本研究係以1929年日本國內的地方制度改革、1930年朝鮮的地方制度改革，以及1935年臺灣的地方制度改革為中心，就上述三地居民統合（亦即國民統合的實際情況）加以比較檢討，並究明日本帝國國民統合之基本實況。本人設定，日本帝國係以1929年國內地方制度改革的國民統合為主軸，進而分別在殖民地施行1930年朝鮮的地方制度改革與1935年臺灣的地方制度改革，並透過權宜主義式〔譯按：原文作「御都合主義」〕的內地（法）延長主義及具有差別性的同化主義而展開國民統合，以因應戰時體制，而實施國民統合。這應該可以視為「重層式的國民統合」。由是，日本帝國得以就上述三地的地方制度改革為中心，進行法西斯式統治體制的全體改造。再者，本文大膽假設，殖民地朝鮮和臺灣較日本國內早一步進入戰時體制、臨戰體制。不論是1930年朝鮮的地方制度改革或1935年臺灣的地方制度改革，其「自治」均受到極端限制，因此可以視為戰爭極激烈之際日本國內1943年地方制度改正之先例。

This paper compares and analyzes the crux of national integration in Imperial Japan, with specific attention addressed to the reforms of the local system carried out in Japan proper (1929) and its two major colonies, Korea (1930) and Taiwan (1935). Essentially, I argue that it was the reform of the local government carried out by the government of Japan that shaped the empire-wide national integration during the war; and that the main contributing factor for the empire integration in Korea and Taiwan was the local reforms carried out in 1930 and 1935 respectively. The local systems in the two colonies were by and large an extension of that in Japan proper, and national integration was based on a discriminatory assimilation policy. In this sense, I contend that the Japanese Empire reorganized the government comprehen- sively into a fascist regime, and that the key to this process lays in the reform of the three local systems. Of critical importance, in my opinion, is that the two Japanese colonial govern- ments, Korea and Taiwan, had geared up for the war far earlier than Japan proper. In a comparative approach I come to a conclusion that the autonomy of the two colonial governments had come to be severely restricted even prior to 1937, the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War: in Korea since 1930; and in Taiwan, after 1935. By contrast, it was not until in 1943 that Japan began to change the local system for war.

日本帝國;殖民地統治法;國民統合;戰時體制;殖民地朝鮮;殖民地臺灣

Imperial Japan; colonial legal system; national integration; wartime regime; colonial Korea; colonial Taiwan