清代位於楠仔仙溪（今旗山溪）、荖濃溪中游的化外生番地，清末始劃入臺灣縣轄區。18世紀中葉以前，這些地方主要為內優（亦稱內幽、內攸、內悠）六社歸化生番／生番（南鄒〔Tsou〕、排灣〔Paiwan〕下三社）的生活領域；之後，由於番漢族群、熟番社群間的生存競爭，原居玉井盆地的大武熟番開始展開移住活動。侵入楠仔仙溪墘土牛界以東的大武社群，一般被稱為「四社番」；從其移入到19世紀道光年間漢人逐次進駐前，一直為當地主要居民。 　　本文主要利用方志、遊記、古文書及田野資料，針對清代大武熟番移住界外的活動暨其與原住族群如何由接觸、連結，進而產生互動等議題，進行討論，並以「撫番租」為中心，一方面考察界外生、熟番族群關係，一方面檢討其性質。侵入楠仔仙溪、荖濃溪流域的四社番，一方面以「撫番租」取得原住族群的諒解，維持雙方某種程度的穩定關係，一方面則各自建立以社（並將原鄉社名移入）為關係網絡的聚落群，並與原鄉保持往來。在生、熟番族群關係上扮演舉足輕重角色的撫番租，透過其運作，生、熟番間也發展出交易關係與婚姻網絡。但清末劉銘傳清賦時卻視其為具有大小租關係的番大租，一律採行「減四留六」之法。基於廢除行之多年的撫番租將影響生、熟番間的穩定關係，民間仍舊維持該習慣，直到明治年間。 　　過去我們多半視17世紀初才進入歷史時期的平埔族群是孤立於外在世界的，他們彼此間也孤立。本文提供我們關於這些原住民間可能的互動面向，從而進一步思考清代「番界」為何無法真正阻隔人群的互動。

By utilizing historical data, land contracts, travelogues, and expedition records, this study examines the factors that affected the migration of the Ta-wu-lung plain tribes, as well as the contacts, the interactions and the bonding of relationship between the migrants and the natives in the Nan-tzu and Lao-nung valleys from the mid-Eighteenth Century to the end of the Nineteenth Century. Under the levy system of "fu fan tsu ()," all indigenous tribes were designated the six Nei-yung she (P A), whereas the migrant newcomers who moved to their home turf were called the Four-she fan (). Besides being a levy nomemclature, fu fan tsu also func- tioned as a marriage medium as well as a mechanism for social intercourse. While focusing on the content of fu fan tsu, this paper describes the intra-tribal network of the migrants and the indigenous people. It also examines how the Ch'ing government changed its levy policy and abolished the levies. Since the policy was the lynchpin to maintain a stable interaction between the natives and the migrants, the Four-she fan were content to continue to make the fu fan tsu payment until the early Japanese rule. This new perspective is aimed to challenge the prevailing conception that fu fan tsu was synonymous as Fan ta tsu (), because the former denoted something much broader than the latter, which referred essentially to land rental relationship between the migrants and the natives. When facing competition from either the Han people or other aborigines, the Ta-wu-lung plain tribes timely took initiatives to expand their living space. And while settling in the new environments, they kept in touch with their kin folks back home and maintained their ancestral customs which they brought with them. Thus, by reviewing the nature of fu fan tsu, this paper hopes to shed new light on the development of relationship between the Four-she fan and the six Nei-yung she and the factors that affected their interactions.

番界;內優六社;大武熟番;四社番;撫番租

Four-she fan; six Nei-yung she; fu fan tsu; Fan ta tsu