一九四五年二次大戰結束，留日臺灣菁英滿懷欣喜，期盼儘快返回臺灣，並組織新生臺灣建設研究會奉獻故鄉。返臺之後，創辦了延平學院，受到當時社會極大的歡迎。但是，學校開辦不到半年，就被下令關閉。新生臺灣建設研究會也在五○年代白色恐怖時期被解散。 　　本文透過上述兩個團體的遭遇，探討戰後初期留日臺灣菁英面對中國統治的挫折經驗。陳儀政府以中國化做為教育政策重心，延平學院由留日菁英所主導，學生多數是臺灣人，被認為具地域主義與分離主義色彩。當局佈署了情治人員監視學校，並在二二八事件發生後藉口將學校關閉。中國政府對於臺灣知識菁英極不信任，禁止臺灣人插手高等教育、擁有教育自主權，這是延平學院被關閉的主因。 　　一九五○年代，為了防止共產主義蔓延，國民黨政府以恐怖手段壓制臺灣社會，新生臺灣建設研究會雖然並無活動仍被要求解散，延平師生更在一波波白色恐怖案件中受害尤深，這是白色恐怖時期知識菁英普遍的遭遇。政府大肆株連捕殺，使得臺灣社會震懾戰慄，同時也扼殺了一整個世代的菁英人才，導致人心的背離。

When Second World War ended in 1945, the Taiwanese elites in Japan were exultant. They wanted to return as soon as possible and organized the Reborn Taiwan Reconstruction Research Association (RTRRA) so as to make contributions to their homeland. After their return, they established the Yan-Ping College which received enormous welcome from Taiwanese society. However, within less than half a year, the school was ordered to close. During the White Terror of the 1950s, the RTRRA was also forced to dissolve. By documenting the fate of the above-mentioned groups, the article strives to explore the expectations and disappointments of the Taiwanese intellectuals in the early postwar era. While the education focus of Chen Yi's government was "Chinese- ness," the Yan-Ping College, which was administered by Japanese-educated intellec- tuals and attended by Taiwanese students, was suspected for teaching regionalism and separatism. The authority sent secret agents to monitor the school, and, after the 2.28 Uprising, found an excuse to shut it down. The Chinese government did not trust Taiwanese intellectuals, would not allow them to meddle in higher education, nor to let the natives design their own curricula. This was the real reason why the Yan-pin College was closed. In order to forestall the threat of Communism, the Kuomintang government used terrorist means to suppress the Taiwanese society in the 1950s. Even though it was more or less a defunct organization, the RTRRA was requested to dissolve. As so many other Taiwanese intellectuals who were victimized during the White Terror, the instructors and students of Yan-Ping College also suffered deeply in the 1950s. Wanton arrests and murders created a dreadful pall falling all over the island, as the KMT regime decimated a generation of talented and better-educated Taiwanese. But the horror had also alienated the populace for the years to come.

新生臺灣建設研究會;延平學院;二二八事件;白色恐怖

the Reborn Taiwan Reconstruction Research Association (RTRRA); the Yan-Ping College; the 228 Uprising; the White Terror.