本研究旨在探討國立彰化師範大學八十三學年度物理系三年級23位 經由選修「科學教育」與「科學教育研究」這兩科目的學習,探究其對於 科學教學本質的認知及對於教學知識的體驗。這一類的知識皆屬於職前教 師學科教學知識的範疇。本研究的待管問題為:職前教師對於教學與教師 的知識之認知與改變。 在研究過程中,「科學教育」的授課,大多根據科教研究的成果或文 獻,並以講義提供職前教師課前閱讀,然後,在課堂中討論及講解。也曾 以科學示範活動討論等,提供職前教師對於科學概念學習情境的理解。 在學期初,每位職前教師皆需填寫「教學知識」、「教師知識」及「科學 本質」等三種問卷。期末並與每位職前教師進行大約20分鐘的晤談。「科 學教育研究」的授課,則以職前教師親赴國中試教為主軸,藉以探究其關 於科學教學知識的實際表現。試教之前,先以四種錄影帶介紹教學的內 涵,包括:合作學習的教學、教室觀察要領、大四職前教師及實習教師的 實地教學。再將23位職前教師分為五組,進行試教的準備與實施。每組皆 先由一位職前教師在「科學教育研究」課中試教,再由同組的另一位職前 教師赴國中訊教一小時。期末,同樣再進行問卷填寫,以及與各組大約一 小時的晤談。 本研究的主要資料,包括23位職前教師完成的問卷、學習歷程檔案, 晤談及職前教師對於試教的準備過程與試教的實際表現。為提高研究的效 度,逐一完成前述各項資料的分析,並依據三角交叉法,交互審核職前教 師在不同學習情境中對於教學的認知、表現與反省,藉此確認這些職前教 師學科教學知識之改孌及成長之風貌。 大部分的職前教師對於教學的認知尚屬於理論式的認知,少數的職前 教師能達到實踐的程度。甚且,這些職前教師對於學生的關注、學習責任 的歸屬與教師應具備的知識之認知,與國外研究文獻相較,顯現有趣的差 異。此外,職前教師對於授課內容的認知與感受常深受傳統積習與文化的 影響,對於與教學有關的知識之獲得仍習於被動接受,缺少主動的追求。 職前教師雖能認真於試教,但是,其學科教學知識仍明顯不足,尤其,多 以“蒸餾或稀釋的形式”,即簡化零碎的方式呈現科學概念。試教與教室 觀察對於職前教師教學的認知與表現的影響最為顯著。應如何培養職前教 師的學科佑識應是師資培育不能忽視的課題。
This study aimed to develop an appropriate conceptual scheme for nature of science and, accordingly, construct and validate a proper and reliable instrument for assessing the understanding of the nature of science. The target population of this study was the high school students in the Taipei area, and stratified random sampling and cluster sampling were employed. A total of 42 classes were selected, 1670 samples in the study. First of all, efforts was concentrated on reviewing main instruments concerning the understanding of the nature of science, and recent research and development in the field of philosophy, history, and sociology of science. Then, this study proposed a scheme of conceptual structure and components. According to the scheme, the study constructed a four-point Likert scale, the Understanding of the Nature of Science (UNOS), and its three subscales, namely, the Nature of Scientific Method subscale (NSM), the Nature of Scientific Knowledge subscale (NSK), and the Nature of Scientific Enterprise subscale (NSE). The reliability of the UNOS was high. The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.90 for the whole scale, and 0.74, 0.79, and 0.77 for the three subscales. Concurrent validity of the UNOS with SPI, ranged from 0.57 to 0.64. These figures were regarded as moderate high and acceptable. Besides, discriminant validity was held in the study to support the conceptual scheme of three subscales. The results of the study showed that female students’ understanding of the nature of science was significantly better than that of males. Students’ understanding of the nature of science did not improve significantly along the promotion of grade in senior high schools, and students with more exposure to science courses got significantly higher understanding of the nature of science than those with less exposure.
師資培育 ; 科學教學 ; 學習情境 ; 學習歷程檔案 ; 反省思考
Teacher training ; Science instruction ; Learning context ; Portfolios ; Reflective thinking