非同步學習系統是未來學習普及全民的利器之一，其目的為使學習者的學習不受時空的限制，並且可以提供適性化的教學內容與環境，要提供適性化的教材，除了考慮學習者的特性外，還必須考量教材特性與學習活動對學習行為的影響。因此，本篇文章探討非同步教材與學習活動的特性，試圖以學習歷程資料為依據，有系統的分析它們之間的關係，我們將探討多項學習活動與教材特性對學習的影響，包含作業，考試，面授，教材內容難易度等。若教材特性與學習活動，能以學習歷程資料為基礎，分析得到其對學習行為的影響，則可以提供教師設計或修改教學系統的重要參考指標。

Asynchronous learning system are one of the best tools to break tools to break through the limit of time and space and make learning available to all people. In order to provide adaptive learning materials and environment, it is important for asynchronous learning system to take the characteristics of teaching materials and learning activities into account. Thus, this paper will discuss learning activities and the characteristics of associated materials, then investigate the relationship between them and learning behavior based on a learning profile. According to the relationship, asynchronous learning system can provide adaptive activities and material that are suitable for learners. Several learning activities such as homework, test and face-to-face teaching were designed and their effects on learning behavior were investigated. The learning profile can be employed and analyzed systematically to obtain the impact on learning of activities and material characteristics. It is helpful for teachers to design and modify teaching systems.

教材特性 ； 學習活動 ； 學習時間分佈 ； 學習歷程 ； 學習時間

Material Characteristics ； Learning Activity ； Learning Time Distribution ； Learning Portfolios ； Learning Time