關於明代社集的研究，過去較偏重在江南一帶的詩、文社集，而對同時期江西的社集注意不多，但其實明中晚期江西的社集數量極多，活動力與影響力也不亞於同時間江南的社集。明中期文學復古運動盛時，江西南昌便有芙蓉社應此而起，該社由士人與宗室攜手共同主持，是江西詩壇最具代表性的社集之一。萬曆中期以後，隨著制藝風潮的興起，不少士人紛紛分其力於制藝寫作，於是出現許多制藝文社，以豫章社為代表。相對的，宗室主持的詩社活動被斥為是閒遊逸樂之事，於是有年輕士人成立匡山社，在這類新的詩社中，士人同時兼習制藝與詩作，而且以制藝為主而詩作為輔。從(1)、詩社獨盛，到詩社與制藝文社並行；以及(2)、從士人與宗室合作，到分別主持社集，可視為明中晚期江西社集的兩個重要發展動向。

The article focuses on the development of literary societies, mainly comprising poetry societies and eight-legged essay societies. The Furong Society (芙蓉 社), a famous poetry society of Jiangxi, was supported by Yu Yuede (余曰德), a local literatus, and Zhu Duokui (朱多煃), an imperial clansman, while the Literary Classicism Movement was becoming popular nationwide. The members of the Furong Society came mostly from these two groups. During the mid-Wanli (萬曆) era, the new tendency of eight-legged essay writing arose. Many literati participated simultaneously in eight-legged essay societies and poetry societies. On the one hand, eight-legged essay writing attracted more attention from literati than poetry-composing, and was mostly regarded as the main priority. On the other hand, imperial clansmen continued to run poetry societies, Longguangshe (龍光社) being the most famous, but some poetry societies were criticized severely and regarded as useless. At the same time, a new style of poetry societies was advocated by only literati, excluding imperial clansmen, of which Kuangshanshe (匡山社) is a typical example.

復古派; 宗室; 制藝 ;八股文; 芙蓉社與豫章社

eight-legged essay; literary society; poetry society; clansmen; Jiangxi