本文以南宋著名儒者真德秀的《西山讀書記》和他對術士的贈文為主要史料，分析他如何以及為何將其對天命、理、性和命的儒學立場認知，呈現在以命運預卜和操弄為主的各類術士面前。這些技藝與術數之士的論述和實踐，多半和富貴貧賤或壽夭榮辱等個人際遇和命運密切相關，甚至也經常涉及家族發展和國家的治亂興衰，因此和儒家的性命論說不僅有類似的關注，也有不少相互抵觸之處。真德秀和這些論命術士的往來過程中，如何秉持其積極發揚理學的信念，將這些儒學論說推廣於不同知識背景的社群中，又如何在其表述中協調儒、術之間的關係等問題，將是本文探究的重點。透過他們之間的接觸與互動，我們可以從仕宦生涯與學術著述之外的不同面向觀察真德秀對於程朱學說的發揚，也能藉此窺探他的知識態度，並進一步思考其贈文與論說的社會影響性。

This study analyzes how and why Zhen Dexiu, famous as a promoter and synthesizer of lixue, associated himself with diviners and geomancers and shared with them the Confucian ideas of tianming, li, xing, and ming by examining his Xishan dushu ji as well as the prefaces and poems that Zeng bestowed on them. While these mantic practitioners’ theories and practices, closely related not only to such personal fortunes as prosperity and longevity, but sometimes even to family fortunes and national prospects, shared similar concerns with the Confucian discourse of nature and fate, significant tensions also existed between them. A close examination of his interactions with these mantic practitioners helps elucidate how, while consistently devoted to promoting lixue, Zhen Dexiu disseminated its values in social groups with a different knowledge background and negotiated contradictions between Confucian and mantic approaches to human fate. This inquiry will not only bring to light his efforts to advocate Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi’s learning beyond the political and academic circles, but thereby render visible Zhen’s attitude towards mantic knowledge and the social impact of his dedicatory writings.

正學 ;小道; 真德秀; 術數 ;性命

orthodox learning; the lesser arts; Zhen Dexiu; mantic arts; discourse on nature and fate