始於1942年的延安整風運動，有效地規訓了知識青年，從而為中共的建國提供了大批中堅幹部，並形塑了1949年後各次政治運動的基本思路與方法。學界對整風之起因與壓制個人自由的作用，已有豐富且深刻的探討。而青年本身與運動之政治現象及技術成因的相關性，則較少受到關注。本文因此聚焦於分析運動基底的青年自我。作為個體意識的青年自我，具有重智識而輕德性、重個性自由而輕組織紀律、重推理而輕實踐的傾向，也因此成為整風改造的主要對象之一。弔詭的是，青年自我及其衍生出的自我解剖技術與交往文化，也是整風得以開展的重要政治基礎設施，青年自我不僅被動的接受改造，更積極參與並促進了對自身之否定。此一現象普遍存在於從左到右各類意識型態陣營中，並非中共所獨有，實有其現代性之根源。萌發於現代自我意識的青年先鋒主義政治想像，應是理解中國與世界現代政治不可或缺的一個面相。

Youth Self, as a modern identity, had been severely critiqued for its individualistic and liberal characteristics by the Chinese Communist Party in the Yan’an Rectification Campaign. Paradoxically, those characteristics also formed the political infrastructure that facilitated the unfolding of the campaign. A series of self-dissection techniques were therefore highly developed and enthusiastically applied by the Yan’an youth in the process of criticism and self-criticism. In this sense, rather than a unique CCP phenomenon, Youth Self and its political consequences were actually derived from a global modern ideology.

延安整風 ;青年自我; 自我解剖 ;自由主義; 中共幹部教育

the Yan’an Rectification; Youth Self; self-dissection; liberalism; Communist cadre education