倫敦史密斯菲爾德活畜市場有著中世紀起源，位於倫敦中央舊城區。自十九世紀，每年百萬牛羊匯聚於此，完成拍賣，再被驅往各私宰場，供應全倫敦肉品需求。歷經數十年爭議，1855年，這個世界最大活畜市場吹響熄燈號，另一座新市場於北倫敦取而代之。本文呼應「後人類轉向」，採取多物種視角，聚焦於市場內外人群與其他動物的交遇與連結以解析搬遷爭議。相對於過往研究將搬遷視為現代化都會「排除」動物之舉並有害動物利益，本文提出搬遷爭議正源自其間繁複之多物種性，而其解決也端賴此時人們對於多物種需求與利益之滿足，包括人類與牛羊。文章首先審視牛、羊、豬、狗、人等間的繁複交逢，如何促成結構運作並創造彼此存活環境；接著分析系統鞏固與鬆動因素，包括自由貿易傳統、利益團體、公衛、食安、交通與動保論述，以及來自動物的能動性等，如何促使系統重新布署並創造出一個權宜的多物種共存新結構。本文視此爭議及其解決為維多利亞時代人們在多物種共存上的一項嚴肅嘗試，並期待這貼近時人所見之多物種關照，在揭露歷史中多物種生存境況之同時，亦能做為今人持續回應多物種共存危機的歷史參照與資產。

In 1855, as a result of decades of controversies, the Smithfield Livestock Market, which was at that time the largest livestock market in the world, was moved from the site that it had occupied in the historic center of London since the Middle Ages to Islington in North London. Taking on board post-humanist critiques of anthropocentricism, this study re examines the controversies surrounding the relocation of Smithfield Market employing a multi-species lens and places the experience of animals center-stage. It argues that the historical relocation of the market stemmed from the multi-species nature of the Smithfield system, just as its solution pivoted upon multi-species considerations. By focusing on the actual encounterings of humans and other animals, such as cattle, sheep, shepherd dogs, drovers, butchers, local residents, horses, etc., at each stage of the operation of the livestock supply system, it first demonstrates how these connections constituted the system as well as the experience of all of the animal species operating within it. It next examines the factors that impacted on the material-semiotic workings of the system and led to the eventual re-assemblage of the market in Islington, including the actions of interest groups, the agency of nonhuman animals, as well as the discourses on free trade, public health, food safety, urban planning, and animal protection. This study does not see the removal and re-assemblage of the market as an attempt to “exclude” nonhuman animals from the metropolis and thereby ignore their interests, as some studies in the past seem to suggest. Instead, it attends to the historical multi-species contingency and regards the removal controversies as serious attempts on the part of Victorians to learn to cope with multi-species co-existence and respond to the needs of all species. It is hoped that this retelling of the story of the Smithfield removal will not only revive the complex historical reality of multi species entanglements that people once lived in and confronted, but also serve as a vital resource for enlarging our capacity to live in the times of multi-species urgency in the Anthropocene.

 史密斯菲爾德活畜市場; 動物史; 多物種敘事; 經濟動物福祉; 維多利亞時期倫敦

Smithfield Livestock Market; animal history; multi-species narrative; farm animal welfare; Victorian London