靖康戰後華北成為金國領土，大量人口被迫遷徙。面對此家國鉅變，文人士大夫留下文字，記錄戰時流離，而傳統文獻中幾近無聲的庶民階層，是如何面對政權轉換？本文分析考古出土的金代山西磚雕壁畫墓，從當中的墨書題記與墓誌一窺地方經濟菁英在戰時的處境與因應。入金之後，山西墓葬出現大量可識讀的墨書詩文，從內容與書寫特徵可知，應有通曉文字之人投入造墓行業。在考察宋金之際山西墓葬的變化後，本文論證此現象應與開封陷落後，大量高級技藝人才徙入河東有關，金代山西於是承接了北宋河南的文化繼續發展。考古出土墓葬提供有別於知識菁英的另類視角，其所具有的直接性與臨場感，讓我們對靖康之難及其後續能有最一手的觀察。

The Song-Jin war caused a large population of northern China to migrate elsewhere. Scholar-officials documented the disastrous war in their writings; ordinary people, however, have almost no voice in historical accounts. How did they react to such political turmoil? With a focus on the elaborate brick tombs of the Northern Song and Jin excavated in Shanxi, this study discloses the circumstances that the local economic elite, to whom the tombs belonged, faced during the war. It also delineates the changes of Shanxi tombs from the Northern Song to the Jin, especially the use of calligraphy-like legible writings to decorate tombs. This indicates the elevated level of literacy of the artisans/artists involved in tomb construction, which might be due to the relocation of skilled artists/artisans from the former capital in Henan to Shanxi. Their migration also contributed to the post-war prosperity there. Underground tombs offer an immediacy that allows researchers a glimpse into the world of the ordinary people unseen in received texts.

墨書題記;金代華北;墓葬文化;通俗詩歌曲文;人群移動

mural writing in tombs; burial culture; popular poetry; immigrants of war; Chinese under Jurchen rule