本文介紹馬來西亞的獨立媒體運動，首先從馬來西亞媒體 法律規管環境及媒體業所有權壟斷現象，讓讀者瞭解馬來西亞 的獨立媒體運動是在嚴苛的新聞自由環境中萌芽與成長。本文 也將剖析過去十年來的政治演變，如何催化獨立媒體的普及性 與提高社會認受程度。此外，介紹獨立媒體運動時，不會侷限 於「華人」或「中文」媒體，而是一併介紹非中文圈子的經 驗；這是因為華人雖然是第二大族群，但中文畢竟不是這個多 族群國家的共通語文，中文獨立媒體的數量屈指可數、可參考 經驗不多，倘若將討論範圍侷限於華人和中文媒體，將會造成 見樹不見林的缺憾。

This article provides an account of Malaysia’s independent media movement. It begins with a discussion of the legal control and the monopoly of media ownership in Malaysia, hence that one may better understand the harsh environment for press freedom in which the independent media has budded and evolved. This article then analyzes how the changes of political atmosphere in the past decade have made independent media popular, and how the members of public have widely accepted them. As the Mandarin Chinese language is not the official common language for Malaysians and there is a very limited number of Chinese independent media, a narrowlyfocused discussion on whether the so-called “Ethnic-Chinese media” or “Chinese-language media” might possibly limit the cases of reference and inhibit a holistic understanding of the Malaysian media environment. Under such circumstances, the discussion also includes the experience of nonChinese actors.

馬來西亞;新聞自由;獨立媒體;互聯網

Malaysia; press freedom; independent media; Internet