1895年日本領有臺灣作為其近代第一個殖民地，被日人視為「森 林國」、「日本版圖內山林寶庫」與「本邦唯一的熱帶林業地域」的臺 灣島成為日本帝國唯一位於亞熱帶與熱帶的領土，臺灣的山林狀況從此 深為日本殖民者所關注，並開始著手進行臺灣近代林學試驗研究事業， 而臺灣低緯度的熱帶與亞熱帶山林林野隨之被要求為近代日本帝國林業 史擔負新使命。 近代世界林業的主流概念在於如何透過對森林的認識、試驗與介 入，最後制訂森林法防止森林的荒廢，並積極地獎勵林業，以期達到國 家利用的目的。利用的基礎在於試驗，而有效的試驗則必須依賴近代學 術機構的建立，並持續研究的累積。學術的建立表現在機構的成立與研 究者的論述，尤其在殖民地世界，學術與政治經常是相互為用且深具從 屬性的關係，殖民者透過經費的掌控與人力的派遣，影響其政治領域內 的學術發展。林學為理論學科，其應用在政策上即為林業政策／山林政 策；另一方面，殖民者透過林業政策的制定，以學術與經費的力量介入 林野山林，將林野山林變成人工化、制度化、秩序化的事業，最終作為 殖民產業的一環，而其對林業學術調查之過程亦改變了殖民地原始林野 山林的面貌。 臺灣總督府中央研究所林業部（1921～1939）不僅在人事結構得 以延續林試場以來的傳統，更承襲其研究主題繼續深化與開展，讓日治 時期臺灣的林學研究得以穩健的發展。歷經日本領臺以來二十餘年的發 展，臺灣的林學研究更具獨立性，此時研究重心已由東京帝國大學轉入 島內的中央研究所林業部，進而因為政策要求的轉移，林業部之林學研 究系統往後更由臺北帝國大學接手，就學術史而言，林業部確實具有承 先啟後的歷史意義。本文初步描繪臺灣總督府中央研究所林業部在日治 時期臺灣林學研究發展史之研究事業與角色。

In 1895, Japan occupied Taiwan as its first colony in modern times. Taiwan, regarded as "the country of forest", "the mountain treasury in Japanese territory" and "the only national tropical forestry region", became the only domain that located in the subtropics and tropics of the Japanese Empire. Hence, the mountain and forested circumstance were deeply concerned by the Japanese rulers, and they started undertaking the enterprise of the woodcraft experimental studies of modern Taiwan. The subtropical and tropical forests in Taiwan, whereupon, was requested to carry the new mission for the forestry history of the modern Japanese Empire. The main concept of the modern world’s forestry lies in how to penetrate through the cognition, the experiment and the involvement of the forest, and gradually establishes the forestry Act to prevent the desolation of the forest In addition, in order to achieve the aim of country’s exploitation, the positive encouragement to the forestry is essential. The utilization is founded on the experiments, and the efficient experiments must rely on the establishments of the modern academic institutes, with the accumulation of the continuous researches. The establishments of the institutes and researchers’ discourses present the foundation of the academic fields, especially in the colonial world, academic and politics are frequently interdependent for uses and deeply subordinate to each other. The dominator effects the academic development in his political sphere through the controlling of founds and dispatching of human resource. Woodcraft is a theoretical science, and its application to policy is namely for forestry/ forest policy. On the other hand, the dominator uses the academic force and the ration of expense to involve the mountain forests and fields through the enactment of the forestry policy, and transfer the wild forests’ project into an artificial, systematic and well–ordered business, eventually take it for part of the colonial industry. Moreover, the process of the forestry academic investigation also changes the appearances of the original wild forests in the colonial land. The Department of Forestry not only retained the Forestry Experimental Station’s staff structure traditions, but also inherited its research subjects, continuing to deepen and expand, which allowed forestry studies to develop steadily and strongly during the period of Japan’s occupation of Taiwan. After undergoing more than 20 years of development under Japan’s governorship, Taiwan’s Forestry Research Institute became more independent. By this time, the responsibility for carrying out the core research had been transferred from Tokyo Imperial University to the Department of Forestry of The Central Research Institute. Due to policy demands, the Department of Forestry’s forestry research system was later passed on to Taipei Imperial University to take over. Therefore, as far as academic history is concerned, the establishment of the Department of Forestry truly has historical significance in its example of adopting the teachings handed down from the past as well as opening new frontiers.

殖民；植林；臺灣總督府中央研究所；林業部

Colonization；Silviculture ；The Central Research Institute of Taiwan Government–General； Department of Forestry