焚風是一種出現在山脈背風側的地方風，具有高溫、低濕特性，也 常伴有強風。臺東是臺灣焚風現象最顯著的地方，也曾因焚風而造成嚴 重的農業損失。本研究重新檢討焚風的定義，分析成功、臺東及大武三 個測站1961~2008年的逐時資料，以了解臺東焚風發生的次數、強度和 時空分布。在焚風影響最顯著的區域，焚風甚至影響聚落發展，本研究 也試圖還原焚風與卑南高台拜天公信仰，以及和東興村改名的關係。 臺東在1961~2008年間曾發生218次焚風，發生的次數、強度和誘 因等，南、北有明顯的時空差異。近八成的焚風發生在三到八月之間； 愈往南焚風發生的次數愈多。臺東焚風的南北差異，和其誘發原因密切 相關，成功一帶以颱風誘發為主，愈往南則以西南氣流誘發為主。 臺東的焚風，普遍影響臺東各地農作物生長，但災情依作物種類及 分布地區而異。以臺東平原一帶作物面積又大、焚風又多，是受焚風災 害最明顯的地區，而釋迦和稻米則為現今災損最嚴重的農作物。卑南高 台在日本時代末期發展出為求免受焚風之苦而集體拜天公的祭祀活動， 至今祭拜仍必定面向西方—焚風的來向。而1969年艾爾西颱風誘發的 焚風，助長火災，幾乎毀村，也是大南村更名為東興村的重要原因之 一。

A foehn wind or föhn wind is a type of warm and dry, gusty wind which occurs in the leeward slopes of a mountain range. In Taiwan, the foehn wind is the most significant in Taitung County. With a revised operational definition, this research analyzed hourly temperature data of Chengkung, Taitung and Tawu gauge station, 1961 – 2008 to obtain a clearer picture of the spatial and temporal distribution of foehn wind and its effect on agricultural damages. The relationship between the foehn wind and the ‘Pai– Tien–Koung’ ceremony at Peinan Kaotai settlement and with the renaming of Tunghsing Village were also clarified. As a whole, 218 events of foehn wind in Taitung County were identified from the meterological record over last five decades. Up to 80% of foehn events has occurred from March to August, and the frequency is much higher in the southern and part. These two features are also related the favorable weather condition to induce foehn events – it is mainly typhoon–induced in the northern part and southwest airflow–induced in the central and southern part. The effect of foehn wind onto agricultural plants is widespread in Taitung. The area suffered the most is around Taitung Plain where paddy fields and sweetsop （Annona squamosa） orchards are extensive. According to the interviews with local people, the origin of the ‘Pai–Tien–Koung’ ceremony at Peinan Kaotai settlement since late Japanese colonial time is due to local farmers’ response to the bad harvests of upland rice caused by foehn winds. Fire accident which nearly destroyed entire Taromak tribe in 1969 was caused by the foehn wind induced by Typhoon Elsie. This disaster is also one of the major reasons that resulted in the change of village name.

焚風；自然災害；時空特性；台東；聚落發展

foehn wind；natural hazard；spatial and temporal distribution；Taitung；settlement development