本文以濁水溪為主軸，除回顧其災害史以外，並探討濁水溪300年 來水資源之利用，以及過度開發帶來的環境生態問題。 濁水溪是臺灣最長的河流，水資源豐沛，卻也是災害最嚴重的河 流，清代以來對治水並無具體作為，要到日治時期才開始積極整治濁水 溪水患。儘管官方投入大量經費，災害仍未見解決，於是除了「治水」 之外，也開始尋求根本解決之道──「治山」。隨著森林治水事業的進 行，山林保育觀念逐漸萌芽，卻因二次大戰物資缺乏，保育觀念不但沒 有紮根，反更加速利用自然資源。 從清代到現代，河流都扮演著「資源」的角色，濁水溪尤為代表； 清代最大的水利系統、日治時期最主要的電力來源，以及戰後最鉅大的 水利工程，無不取自濁水溪。反省300年來水資源開發利用對環境造成 的浩劫，才是本文的最終關懷。

This paper will focus on the topic which is based on Zhuoshui River. Except reviewing the history of calamity, the exploitation about the water resource of Zhuoshui River in last 300 years, as well as environmental problems brought by overdevelopment will be explored. Zhuoshui River is the longest river in Taiwan. Although the usage of Zhoushui River’s resource is abundant, Zhuoshui River is the river which has most calamities. There is no any specific policy to water-catchment management until Japanese Ruled Period; Japanese government actively reorganized the inundation of Zhuoshui River. Japanese government invested much expense and effort; however, it seemed that there was no improvement on the water catchment management. Besides water-managing, Japanese government sought to solve the basic problem—forest conservation. With the progression of water catchment management, the concept of forest conservation came into being. Therefore, the conservational concept was not implemented, people started to overuse resources because of the shortage of goods and material in WWII. Form Ching dynasty to now, the river always plays the role of resource, especially Zhuoshui River. All the water conservancy projects used Zhuohsui River as the resource, including the biggest irrigation system in Ching Dynasty, the electric force in Japanese Ruled Period, and the arduous water conservancy project after WWII. The self-examination about the disaster brought by over using water resource in last 300 years is the ultimate goal in this paper.

濁水溪；環境史；森林治水；治山；災害史；水資源

Zhuoshui River；Environmental History；watercatchment management；forest conservation；history of calamity ；water resource