本文針對在臺南市南山公墓新發現的二座在臺明墓：「李公墓」 及「程次皐夫婦壽域與程異霆夫婦墓」進行調查概述，除了初步探析 二座明墓的特點外，亦經由二墓之墓碑的觀察及比較過程，探討在臺 明墓碑於尺寸比例、碑體形狀、字體、版面安排等形制方面的問題。 考察此二墓，李墓碑年代屬於明鄭後期，作狹長方形，墓主來自 金門烈嶼，應是在1664年金門遭清軍攻佔前不久，隨鄭軍遷移來臺。 程墓則為二碑合嵌，皆作寬式方形，筆者推測應屬於明鄭時期以前之 物；其中「程次皋夫婦壽域」碑頂端中央，刻有一方「大明」篆體字 圓形圖紋，為目前在臺明墓案例中的未見之例，更顯特殊。由於二墓 之碑體形狀殊異，本文因此推論在臺明墓碑的形制，除了前人所謂的 「狹長形」外，應尚有一種年代較早的「寬式方形」，並且藉此探討 有關寬式方形墓碑的幾項細部特徵，歸納出四項鑑別標準後，再以另 一座年代不明，但外形頗具明代遺風的「樊茂松墓」作為試究對象， 實際應用此四項標準，進行嘗試性的鑑定。 經過審視之後，本文認為樊茂松墓碑具備了在臺明墓的各項特 徵，然由於缺乏直接的證據性，最後仍未能精確判定樊茂松墓的年 代。但經由此一探查與懷疑的過程，筆者認為或能為在臺明墓的研究 方式，提供一些新的思考方向。

This paper aims to make a brief introduction to two Taiwan Ming tombs： “tomb of Mr. Li（李公墓）” and “living tomb of Ci– Gao Cheng couple（程次皐夫婦壽域） and tomb of Yi–Ting Cheng couple（程異霆夫婦墓）” that recently discovered in Nan–shan cemetery（南山公墓） in Tainan city, and an analysis is given about the observation and comparative on size and scale, shape, style of calligraphy, layout of tombstone of this two tombs. The tombstone that belongs to tomb of Mr. Li was made in late Ming–Zheng period. Its shape is an elongated rectangle. The occupant of this tomb came from Lieyu, Kinmen, so he maybe came to Taiwan with Koxinga's troops before the capture of Kinmen by Qing troops in 1664. The Cheng's tomb have two tombstones, both of them are board rectangle. The author of this paper considers that the tombstone of Cheng's tomb was made before Ming–Zheng period. It's particularly worth mentioning that there's a pattern with two seal characters “Da–Ming（大明）” on the top of tombstone of “living tomb of Ci–Gao Cheng couple”, such a design has never been seen before in Taiwan Ming tombs. According to the difference between Li and Cheng's style of tombstones, this paper deems that the kinds of tombstone forms of Taiwan Ming tombs are not only elongated but board, and the years of the latter maybe more earlier than the former. Therefore, a discussion is made about detailed characters of Taiwan Ming tombstone and finally identified four aspects for identification. Then this paper tried to make a tentative study on a probable Taiwan Ming tomb case “Tomb of Mao–Song Fan（樊 茂松墓）” by using four aspects. After a detailed analysis based on this methodology, “Tomb of Mao–Song Fan” matches many characters of Taiwan Ming tombs. Even so, this paper still cannot define the years of Fan’ s tomb accurately because of the deficiency of direct evidence. But it provided in this study may show new thinking way on the research of the Taiwan Ming tombs and its tombstones.

在臺明墓；李公墓；曾振暘墓；程次皐夫婦壽域與程異霆夫 婦墓；墓碑；樊茂松墓

Taiwan Ming Tombs；Tomb of Mao–Song Fan（樊茂 松墓）；Tomb of Mr. Li（李公墓）；Living Tomb of Ci–Gao Cheng Couple and Tomb of Yi–Ting Cheng Couple（程次皐夫婦壽域與程異霆夫婦墓）；Tomb of Zhen–Yang Zeng（曾振暘墓）；Tombstone