回首臺灣50年來的文化政策，社區其實是落實整個文化政策目標的 基本單位。臺灣從1965年開始，在以美國為首的聯合國社區發展運動影 響下，在全臺各地推動了社區發展工作，目前臺灣已成立六千多個社區 發展協會，三十餘年的社區發展工作達成了什麼成果？1994年文建會正 式提出社區總體營造政策，促使社區自主經營，從社區發展到社區營造 轉變過程為何？社區總體營造運動是否成功塑造「由下而上」的居民 自主意識？是本文關切的焦點。臺中縣在社區發展工作與社區總體營造 中，皆獲全省或全國競賽之佳績，因此本文嘗試以臺中縣政府之施政工 作報告中所列之相關資料，分析臺中縣在兩階段執行面之異同。 本研究結果發現，1960～80年代的社區發展政策是由上而下、政府 主導的，在政府經費補助下推動公共工程建設、生產福利建設和精神 倫理建設，大抵指的是社區活動中心的修建、托兒所的設置、媽媽教室 活動之進行。但社區劃分幾乎與村里行政區域一致，社區發展模式一元 化，忽視居民真正的需求。解嚴之後，由於環境污染等社會抗爭事件不 斷上演，導致社區居民漸凝聚社區共識，另一方面因環境的改變，也興 起爭取認同的社區保存運動。1994年文建會因應社會情勢，終提出社區 總體營造政策，主要推動社區藝文發展計畫、社區文化再造計畫、社區 環境改造計畫、文化產業之發展。在中央政策下，臺中縣的泰安社區、 福興社區、大雪山社區從共同體意識與家鄉認同出發，尋求社區特色， 結合社區內所有人、物資源，創造地方產業經濟，發展出社區觀光，是 社區總體營造之成功案例。

Every government organizations promoted community development job while the influences of the community development movement of United Nations from 1965. This study attempted to explore the effects of community development movement in Taiwan. The Council of Cultural Affairs brought up the policy of community construction in 1994. However, there were great achievements on community development movement and community construction in Taichung County. This study attempted to explore the changing process from community development job to community construction and the conscious of resident autonomy on the period (1965～2005) in Taichung County , based on the information from official documentation and personal interviews with relevant persons. In the 1960’s～1980’s, the policy of community development job was supervised by the central government, mostly contained the construction of community centers, kindergartens and skill training centers of married women. But the pattern of cultural development at every community was identical; therefore frequently ignore the needs of resident. Moreover, the public try to make a stand against central government and faced the crisis of community identification after the martial law was ended （1987）. The Council of Cultural Affairs brought up the policy of community construction in 1994, mostly contained exhibi-tion of arts, culture activation, environment transformation and culture creative industry. The communities of Tai–An, Fu–Xing and Da–Xue–Shan possessed a distinguishing feature, develop the community sightseeing, become characteristic cases in Taichung County.

社區發展；社區總體營造；臺中縣

Community Development；Community Construction； Taichung County