本文旨在揭露，戰後我國文化政策與相關制度變遷的發展側面。 眾以為1982年11月1日「行政院文化建設委員會」（以下簡稱「文建 會」）成立，係我國始有文化行政之時。但究實不然，早在文建會成立 之前，中央政府曾設置專門掌理國家文化政策的獨立機關，此即1967 年11月10日成立的「教育部文化局」。 該局的成立，係「動員戡亂臨時條款」框架下的產物。該條款不僅 賦予總統設置動員戡亂機構，並得以調整中央政府的行政與人事組織， 故該局係在此特殊歷史情境下誕生的文化機關。然教育部文化局的原初 設計，不僅下轄四大文化業務單位，更設有獨立的人事與會計處室，並 賦予該機關獨立對外行文之權。因此，該局不僅體現文化事務在國家體 制內逐漸受到重現，也闡明文化行政正處於具體化與政策化的過程，也 揭露文化事務在龐大的國家教育體系內，緩步地進行專業分工的事實， 亦為文化事務專業自主之先聲。 今國內學者論述我國文化政策之起源性與階段性時，慣以文建會為 我國文化政策之始，而忽略該局過去存在的事實與早期的政策經驗，甚 至未揭示對日後文建會產生何種程度的行政示範等。故本文的目的，除 欲探究該局成立始末外，並試圖分析其曾發揮的功能與效益，併論述何 以在成立5年8個月後，遭簡併裁撤之因。儘管當年這一步極為艱辛，而 結局又煞是短暫，仍有不可抹滅的歷史價值。

This paper aims at revealing the development of the cultural policies and changes of the related systems after the WWII. It was commonly known that the Council of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Executive Yuan (hereafter referred as the Council) was established in Nov. 1st 1982 as the initiation of national cultural administration. In fact, earlier than the establishment of the Council, the central government has set up an independent body taking charge of the national cultural policies. That is the birth of the Bureau of Culture, the Ministry of Education on Nov. 10th 1967. The inception of the Bureau was the product of the political framework enacted by “The Temporary Provisions Effective during the Period of Communist Rebellion”. The Provisions empowered the President to set up institutions, adjust the administration organizations and personnel of the central government. The social and historical context led to the birth of the Bureau. The Bureau was originally structured into four divisions with independent personnel and accounting offices as well as the independent power for cultural governance. Consequently, the Bureau signified the process that the cultural affairs were gradually valued in the political system, and the institutionalization of cultural administration. Another fact to be revealed was that the cultural governance within the gigantic educational system was on its way to specialization, which was the herald of professionalization and autonomy of cultural affairs. Nowadays, most of critics and discourse exploring the origin and transformation of the national cultural policies took the view that the Council was the beginning of the national cultural policy and neglect the pre–existence of the Bureau and earlier policy–making, and the influence brought upon the Council. This paper will focus on the inception of the Bureau, presenting the analysis of the functions and effects, and exploring the reasons of the abolition. Regardless the hardship of the inception and abrupt ending, the Bureau had its unique position in the history of cultural development.

文化政策；文化行政；教育部文化局；王洪鈞；中華文化復興 運動

Cultural policy；cultural administration；Bureau of Culture；the Ministry of Education；Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement