若從觀看現場或還原歷史的視角而言，最真實的紀錄莫過於影像 與檔案。尤其是影像，近年來在世界各地檔案館陸續發現一些珍貴的 早期影像，如2006年澳洲國家影音檔案館發現一捲1896年攝製僅一分鐘 的劇情默片；2009年9月美國華盛頓公立檔案館發現一捲攝於1945年原 子彈轟炸後長崎街道的影像，這些動態影像的再現，都成為世界電影 史及原爆後的城市極珍貴的佐證史料。 生長於草屯的作者，於2006年為尋找外祖父韓修敬牧師的生死蹤 跡，遠至挪威奧斯陸北郊的福由侯格神學院（Fjellhaug Skoler）檔 案館，也意外發現上世紀二、三十年代的影像紀錄與手稿檔案，該檔 案館收藏自1892年以來挪威宣教士至中國鄂北豫西的史料紀錄，尤以 1949年以前最為詳盡，唯挪威乃至於北歐，因不似西、葡、英、法等 諸國與中國已有漫長的交流史，雖蒐藏近代中國的地方檔案，卻不為 學界留意而乏人聞問。作者查考了挪威檔案館，以田野調查與口述歷 史的形式，運用歸納、推理、考證等方法，在短短三天內從一些零散 無系統的材料堆裡，發現一篇關鍵性的年度報告，而據以追蹤到一 篇重要報導，乃至於意外發現一捲極具歷史價值的紀錄片，不僅對 韓修敬牧師的生與死有進一步了解，也從影像中窺見三十年代的中 國社會縮影。文中針對此一古老紀錄片，從兼從影像情境的「內涵 意義」（connotative meaning）及再現的「外延意義」（denotative meaning）討論，從「觀看」與「再現」的視域，探討影像的文化意識 與意義詮釋，對影像紀錄的分析及近代中西文化交流史皆開啟新的研 究視窗。

From the perspective of viewing sites or restoring history, the most genuine records are images and documents, especially images. In recent years, at archives around the world, some precious early images have been found. For example, in 2006 at the Australian National Film and Sound Archive, a one–minute silent drama film produced in 1896 was discovered; in September 2009, a roll of images on Nagasaki streets after the atomic bombing in 1945 was discovered in the National Archives in Washington D.C. The reappearance of these action images have become extremely precious historical materials for the history of film and for the history of a city after the atomic bomb. The author grew up in Cao–tun, Taiwan, and in an attempt to search for the traces of his grandfather Han Xiu–jing’s in 2006, travelled to the Fjellhaug Skoler archives, at the northern suburbs of Oslo in Norway. Surprisingly, the author discovered image records and manuscripts from the 1920s and 1930s. The archive collects historical records of Norwegian missionaries working in West Henan and North Hubei in China since 1892, being especially informative before 1949. However, since Norway is located in northern Europe, it does not have a long history in exchanges with China, as compared to Spain, Portugal, Britain, and France. Although it collects Chinese contemporary local data, the academia has largely overlooked them, and they have been understudied. The author explored the Norwegian archive, using field study and oral history forms, as well as methods such as induction, reasoning, and evidence–usage, during the visit. From scattered and unsystematic piles of data, the author discovered a crucial annual report, which was then used to trace an important report, which then led to a documentary with great historical value. The author not only gained a greater understanding of the life and death of Pastor Han Xiu–jing, but also saw a microcosm of 1930s Chinese society. This paper focuses on this old documentary, and discusses its contextual connotative meaning, as well as the reappeared denotative meaning. The perspective based on “viewing” and “reappearance” is used to explore the cultural consciousness and meaning interpretation of the images. Analysis of the visual records and the history of modern interactions between China and the West have both gained new research possibilities.

韓修敬；挪威；觀看；影像；中西文化交流；基督教史；檔 案館

Han Xiu–jing；Norway；viewing；images；interaction of Chinese and Western culture；history of Christianity；archives