日治時期臺灣人在島內以戶口調查簿抄本作為身分證明，但到島 外，則以旅券（即護照，passport）作為身分證明，出入境時亦以旅券 審核為依歸，故出入境管理規則以旅券制度為中心。本文擬在檔案研究 的基礎上，以制度的管理機能分析為主軸，對臺灣人渡航兩岸之旅券管 理問題，作較詳細的補充與深入的探討。至於中國人渡臺問題以及臺灣 人渡航其他外國問題則留待他日研究。 由本研究可知，總督府對於籍民渡華的兩大漏洞—由日渡華、黑幫 偷渡，幾乎束手無策，故只得加強核發旅券時的取締。且主管核發的是 警察機關，因此自然會對反日份子嚴厲加強稽查，這種嚴密的管制對於 臺民渡華確實是一大阻礙，也釀成臺灣民間對殖民政府不滿的聲浪。 至於對岸領事一向對於居留當地籍民之管理煞費苦心，儘管外務 省申明不得扣押籍民旅券，但又授以權宜處理之責，故領事為了管理方 便，亦極有可能對於不同對象施以不同之管理辦法，尤以中日關係緊張 的情況下，對於應密切注意人物之旅券特別加以扣押也是合時宜的方便 之法。或許就因此才逐漸演變成以扣押旅券方式為常態的管理方式。 但對臺民核發旅券時的嚴格審查與差別對待，實際上並不能阻止不 良籍民或反日份子渡華，甚至造成這些人聚集對岸的反效果。至如此情 勢釀成後，對岸領事及總督府所考量的應不再是如何管制籍民渡華，而 應是如何操控黑幫以遂行南進政策，以及監控反日份子的在華行動。這 或許是總督府在法令上予以寬鬆，但在實行上卻又因人而異的緣故。自 然這種行動只能在暗中進行，而成為難以見諸文字記錄的「謀略」。

Taiwanese used the copy of household survey book as one’s personal identification within island, while outside of the island he should depend on passport（ryoken）during Japanese Colonial Period. So the ryoken system was the central part of management of Taiwan's entry and exit control. From this paper we understand that the Formosa Government have no idea about how to block the 2 big leaks through which Taiwanese enter China by transfer from Japan or by illegal emigration. This is why she could do nothing except strengthening controls on issuing passport. Although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan stated Taiwanese passports may not be seized, the consulates in China taking great pains to manage Taiwan residences there still were delegated the responsibility to deal with expediency, so they were most likely to use different methods of management for different objects as their convenience, and perhaps this gradually evolved into a way of keeping Taiwanese passports as a formal way. But the scrutiny and differential treatment on issuing Taiwanese passports could not stop gangsters or anti-Japanese activists from entering China, even resulted in the opposite effect that made these people gathering China. After leading to such a situation, what the consulates and Formosa Government should do was no longer how to put a ban on issuing passport, but how to control gangsters to carry out the southern forward policy and monitor anti-Japanese activists’ actions in China. This maybe why the Formosa Government loosened the law, but on the other hand, varied in the implementation on different people.

出入境管理制度旅券；旅券；臺灣籍民；國籍

the management of entry and exit control；passport （ryoken）；Taiwanese-Japanese（Jimin）；nationality