清代地方政治原為官紳共治體，官府有事時，常號召紳士民協助， 尤其在臺灣。通常官府會要求士紳捐款甚至募勇，協助解決危機或困 難，而臺灣士紳亦樂意戮力奉公；事後官府則論功行賞，授予功名或獎 賞，主要為榮譽官銜，士紳藉此保障其政治、社會地位。然而，至十九 世紀中葉後，外患日益嚴重，臺灣的官紳關係面臨挑戰，清廷被迫採取 新的士紳政策，而士紳也必須妥適回應。本文即以臺灣第一富豪板橋林 家為例，探討1860-1880年代，臺灣遭逢重大外患(日軍侵臺、中法之役) 後，官紳關係之演變，包括衝突、合作及妥協等。 本文發現1874年牡丹社事件後，清廷更加倚賴臺灣士紳之協助，尤 其是捐獻，因此林家成為勸捐的主要目標。第一階段為丁日昌時期，林 家捐獻五十萬元鉅款，佔當時第一位，因而獲得破格獎賞，並獲准「永 不再捐」，官紳關係堪稱良好。 第二階段為劉璈時期，勸捐不斷，包括臺北築城之捐款、額外加捐 至清法北台戰爭之捐餉募勇。由於過於頻繁，且林家已經獲得「永不再 捐」之旨，因此婉拒甚至逃避，官紳關係陷入低潮。 第三期為劉銘傳時期，官府為解決法軍攻臺難題，透過婉勸與破 格封賞等方式，林家再捐鉅款。而且，臺灣建省後推動大規模新政，更 須林家之合作，因此官紳關係空前良好，林維源等人重用，甚至貴為京 官。 由上可知官紳共治雖為清代地方政治常態，但由於十九世紀臺灣外 患嚴重，官府採行重紳政策，臺灣士紳的地位與影響力大幅提高。板橋 林家乃一代表性例子，能直接參與臺灣新政之執行，並屢受厚賞成為全 國性知名人物。

The local politics in the Ts’ing Dynasty, particularly in Taiwan, was based on the cooperative officio-gentry system, under which the officials called for the assistance of the gentry when needed. Normally, the officials would request the gentry to contribute funds and even recruit volunteer soldiers to help solve crises, and the gentry would respond positively in order to win the rewards of official posts for safeguarding their political and social statuses. However, the officials were forced to adopt a new pro-gentry policy when facing the crises of foreign invasions after the mid-19th century, and the gentry would respond properly. This article is intended to use the Panchiau Lins as an example to interpret the changing officio-gentry relations between the 1860’s and 1880’s when Taiwan was invaded by the Japanese and the French. The article indicates that the Ch’ing government relied strongly on the assistance of the Taiwanese gentry in the second half of the 19th century, particularly financial contributions, and so the Lins, being the wealthiest family in Taiwan, became the main target for fund-raising. In the first stage was the period of Ting Jij-chang period, when the Lins contributed half a million silver dollars, ranking no. 1 among the contributors, and was rewarded with special honors and granted with the right of“permanent immunity of contribution”. The second stage was the period of Liu Ao, when the contributions become even more frequent, including the building of Taipei Fu (prefecture), extra contribution and the recruitment of soldiers and contribution of military funds in the Sino-French War in 1884-85. The Lins became resistant due to the frequency as well as the“permanent immunity of contribution”, resulting in the weakening officio-gentry relationship. The third stage was the period of Liu Ming-chuan. The officials succeeded in obtaining the tremendous contributions from the Lins’again through persistent persuasions and special rewards of official posts etc. Further, Governor Liu needed the Lins’ help and cooperation to carry out his reform policies after Taiwan became a province, and so Lin Wey-yuan was raised to be high officials, resulting in an extremely harmonious relationship. In short, In spite of the fact that the cooperative officio-gentry system was a normal practice in Taiwan’s politics, the gentry became more important in the second half of the 19th century, and the Pan-chiau Lins were a typical example.

官紳關係；板橋林家；林維源；牡丹社事件；丁日昌；新政； 捐款；「永不再捐」；劉璈；臺北築城；清法戰爭；劉銘傳； 重紳政策

Officio-gentry Relationship；Pan-chiau Lins；lin Wei-yuan, Mu-tan Tribe Incident；Ting Jih-chang；Reform Policies, Contributions,“Permanent Immunity of Contributions”；Liu Ao；Building of Taipei Prefecture Wall；Sino-French War；Liu Ming-chuan；Pro-Gentry Policy