屬於東亞及華人社會共同文化資產之一的清明節，在中華民國的法 定節日名稱為民族掃墓節。精確而言，清明節與民族掃墓節兩者相近但 不相同，前者為一傳統節日，後者則是一個日期與前者同日，在中國國 民黨政權觀點及政治運作下，揀選、結合清明節中符合自身政治意圖的 要素，被創造出來的政治節日。蔣中正總統逝世後，國民黨緣於巧合， 復出於刻意，又將同屬政治節日的先總統蔣公逝世紀念日之日期定在清 明日，這使得清明此一傳統節氣，同時存在清明節、民族掃墓節及先總 統蔣公逝世紀念日三個節日。 為了解明這個圍繞著清明節之政治利用的長期過程，本文基於官方 文獻、政黨宣傳資料及機關刊物、報紙等史料，以1912年至2008年為研 究上之時間斷限，對其歷史進行分析、論述，亦就其於現今臺灣社會留 下的影響，以及目前中國政府的相關運用略作探討。此一個案研究，當 於政治權力與傳統民俗之間互動過程的瞭解上有所助益。

The Ching Ming festival is a cultural property of the East Asia or Ethnic Chinese society in common, but it has an especially legal name in R.O.C. (Taiwan) Which is Chinese Tomb Sweeping Day. In fact, Ching Ming festival and Chinese Tomb Sweeping Day are not equal, even though they are similar. The former is a traditional festival; on the contrary, the later is a political holiday which was created by KMT for their interest. Furthermore, after the death of Chiang Kai-shek, KMT established the Death anniversary of Chiang Kai-shek on Ching Ming festival, coincidentally but also purposely. Therefore, there were three festivals or holiday on the same date. This article is a case study on the history of Ching Ming festival from 1912 to 2008, based on historical materials such as official literatures, propaganda documents, and organs of KMT, trying to investigate and demonstrate the interaction between the political power and traditional festival, also the present situation in contemporary Taiwan and China.

清明節、民族掃墓節、祭黃陵、先總統蔣公逝世紀念日、中國 國民黨

Ching Ming Festival, Chinese Tomb Sweeping Day, Ceremonies for Mausoleum of Yellow Emperor, Death anniversary of Chiang Kai-shek, Kuomintang.