樟腦於近代為臺灣重要產業，不論清領或日治，官民皆垂涎其利 源，而企圖掌控以獲取極大利益。但由於山區為原住民所佔據，其出草 習俗使製腦業添增不少風險。因此殖民政府最須致力進行的事，就是如 何排除蕃地拓植的障礙，再順利導入資本。故總督府推行隘勇線前進 策略，以消除蕃害等干擾製腦業發展之因素，而出現所謂的「樟腦戰 爭」，以掠奪蕃地資源。有關此段討蕃歷史，學界已有探討。但並未述 及掠奪後資源之配置、運用等資本主義化的過程。 作為製腦原料的樟樹存量與製腦事業發展有密切的關係，而製腦事 業發展與鄰近市街的景氣有密切關係，亦與國家經濟發展息息相關。為 使樟腦業永續經營，就必須提早展開造樟林事業。且為吸引為造林而移 居山林的人民，亦必須提供家庭居住及子弟教育的環境，因而產生殖民 式的經營方式。隨之，新聚落逐漸在造林地內誕生。 這種 ”隘勇線前進→製腦→造林開墾→造林殖民聚落出現”的過 程，可算是日治時期蕃地拓殖的一個類型。而日治時期在殖民政府之獎 勵下也確實引發資本家圈佔蕃地風潮。筆者認為這是值得學界繼續深入 研究之部分，而且應該與理蕃過程合併一起研究，始得以窺其全豹。

Camphor industry is an important industry of Taiwan in modern times. No matter in Ch’ing Dynasty or the Japanese rule, all the people of Taiwan were eager to make a clutch at its resource to hold maximal benefit. But the mountain area, the source of camphor, was occupied by aborigines, and their head-cutting custom made the camphor industry more risky. So what the Japanese government needed to do at first was to eliminate those obstacles of mountain colonization, and then introduced capital. This was why the Formosa government began the Guard-Line advancement strategy to eliminate factors disturbing camphor industry, and the so-called camphor war occurred to deprive of resource of mountains. The history of control of the aborigines has been discussed by scholars, but there is no mention of the resource distribution, application etc. after camphor war which still belongs to capitalism process. The amount of Cinnamomum camphora, the raw material of camphor, had a close relationship with the development of camphor industry, and the development of camphor industry had a close relationship with the business condition of towns near mountains, and also strongly affected the state economy. In order to maintain camphor industry forever, the forestation must be put ahead. To attract migrant workers, companies should supply a suitable environment for workers families to live and for their children to receive education. This is why the colonized management plan was put through in practice. Then new villages were born in forestation land gradually. The process of“Guard-Line advancement, camphor production, forestation and cultivation, new born village”can be counted as a type of capitalism of mountain during the Japanese rule. And the government encouragement resulted in the boom of capitalists occupying mountains. The author believes this phenomenon is deserving to research deeply together with the history of control of the aborigines, or we cannot catch the whole scenery.

蕃地拓殖 理蕃政策 林野 樟腦 造林

mountain colonization, the strategy of control of the aborigines, rinya, camphor, forestation