早在西元六世紀即源自於中國的日本佛教，因不同的文化背景和 民族性格，而呈現出不同的信仰方式與內涵。之後在其不斷的發展過程 中，不但型塑出獨具特色的日本佛教，反過來以其信仰模式不斷地在影 響著臺灣佛教。三十三番觀音靈場就是一個具體實例。 日據時代，臺灣佛教歷經日本佛教的洗禮，形成宜蘭、臺北觀音 山、基隆月眉山、新竹十八尖山和北投大慈寺等地五組地區性的三十三 番觀音靈場。日本撤臺半世紀後的1996年，日本佛教再度悄悄地在臺灣 成立了遍佈全臺的臺灣三十三番觀音靈場。這些三十三番觀音靈場所供 奉的觀音聖像和中國佛教崇拜的三十三觀音有何差異？日據時代在北臺 灣設立的五組三十三番觀音靈場與近來成立的臺灣三十三番觀音靈場有 何差異？自日本撤臺，臺灣佛教學習中國佛教已超過半世紀，是什麼因 素導致臺灣的這些寺廟轉向效法日本佛教三十三番觀音靈場的禮拜模 式？源自日本佛教的臺灣三十三番觀音靈場的發展現況為何？ 礙於有限的相關文獻，本研究方法主要透過臺灣三十三番觀音靈 場實地的田野調查，來釐清上述有關三十三番觀音靈場所引發的諸項問 題，希冀能瞭解受日本佛教影響的三十三番觀音靈場的發展現況。

The Japanese Buddhism was originated from China at as early as the 6th century. Due to different cultural background and characteristic of the nation, the essentials of Japanese Buddhism and Japanese ways of religion belief had shown some difference. Up till now, the Japanese Buddhism had developed and modified into a Buddhism with distinctive national features； and, furthermore it exerts an influence on the Buddhism in Taiwan. The 33- GuanYin Temple is one of the specific example. There were five territorial 33-GuanYin Temples in Taiwan, they are in Ilan, Tapei GuanYin Mountain, Keelung YuaMei Mountain, Xingchu Shipajian Mountain and. Peitou Da-Tzu Temple. These five groups of temples have been greatly influenced by the early Japanese 33-GuanYin Temple in worship of GuanYin during Japanese occupation in Taiwan. Until 1995, almost half century after Japanese withdrawal from Taiwan, the Buddhism in Taiwan has again been influenced by the 33-GuanYin Temple of Japanese Buddhism. There are temples with 33-GuanYin Temple worship style established throughout Taiwan and associated with each other. What is their difference toward their worship of Avalokiteshvara from Chinese 33- GuanYin Temple？How are these five early group temples different from the 33-GuanYin Temples founded at later years？Since Japanese withdrawal, Buddhism in Taiwan has been following the Chinese Buddhism pattern for the last half century. Then, what are the reasons that have made these new 33 temples turn to follow the Japanese 33-GuanYin Temple worship pattern？ What’s the development and current situation of the Taiwan 33-GuanYin Temple？ This paper will base on very limit relevant data and field studies around these new 33 temples. It is hope to clarify the above-mentioned questions in order to understand the development and current situation of the Taiwan 33- GuanYin Spiritual Temple.

三十三番觀音靈場、日本佛教、臺灣佛教

the 33-GuanYin Spiritual Temple, Japanese Buddhism, Taiwanese Buddhism