本研究以間隔六個月前後測方式追蹤五十八個家庭中母親教養行為與幼兒獨立完成作業之關 係，測量遊戲中測量母親讚許、重述、威脅和肢體介入等教養行為，並於幼兒十七個月及二十 三個月大時測量幼兒在收拾玩具作業中之獨立完成、母親協同完成、逃避與抗拒等表現，並探 討家庭社經地位、母親年齡與教育程度等因素之影響。結果顯示幼兒獨立完成作業反應隨月齡 增加，而幼兒在母親協助下完成作業之反應隨月齡下降。母親年齡與教育程度及母親讚許行為 具顯著正相關。幼兒十七個月獨立完成反應與母親教育程度呈正相關，並與母親威脅教養呈現 正相關。幼兒二十三個月之獨立完成作業反應和十七個月時的獨立完成反應與重述行為呈現正 相關。幼兒在十七個月之抗拒行為與當時幼兒的獨立完成反應呈現負相關，幼兒二十三個月時 亦發現此負相關。幼兒十七個月時母親的肢體介入行為與幼兒二十三個月時之抗拒反應具正相 關。二十三個月幼兒的逃避反應與其獨立完成作業行為則為負相關。階層迴歸結果發現，當排 除家庭背景變項之解釋力，十七個月幼兒獨立完成作業反應對於二十三個月幼兒的獨立完成行 為具顯著預測力。當排除家庭背景變項及十七個月幼兒反應之解釋力時，母親教養行為對於十 七至二十三個月中幼兒的獨立完成表現之變化具有預測力，其中，母親重述幼兒口語的教養行 為顯著預測幼兒十七至二十三個月間獨立完成作業表現之變化。

The present study attempted to investigate the relationship of maternal parenting behaviors and young children’s independent completion on task. Fifty-eight dyads of children and their mothers were tested and followed up after six months. Maternal behaviors such as praising, repetition of children’s verbal responses, threatening, and physical interruption were measured when children were 17 months old in mother-child free play. In a clean-up session, children’s responses of completing task independently, with mothers’ assistance, with avoidance, or with refusal behaviors toward mothers’ demands were measured when children at 17 and 23 months. Familial socioeconomic status, mothers’ age and education served as families variables. Results suggested that with age, children increased their frequencies in independent completion of the task, and their needs in mothers’ assistance decreased. Mothers’ age positively correlated with their education and praising behaviors toward children. Children’s independent completion of the task at 17 months of age, were positively correlated with mothers’ education and threatening behavior. Children’s independent completions of the task at 23 months were positively both with children’s independent completion at 17 months and mothers’ verbal repetition behavior. At both 17 months and 23 months of age, children’s refusal behaviors toward mothers’ demands were negatively correlated with children’s independent completion of the task. Mothers’ physical interruption behaviors at 17 months were negatively correlated with children’s independent completion of the task at 23 months of age. At 23 months old, children’s avoidance behaviors were negatively correlated with their independent completion of the task. The results of hierarchical regression analysis with family background (step 1), children’s responses at 17 months (step 2), and mothers’ parenting behavior (step 3) suggested children’s independent completion behaviors at 17 months predicted children’s responses at 23 months when eliminated the effects of variables of family background.  Furthermore, with controlled of both family background and children’s responses at 17 months, mothers’ parenting behavior predicted the changes between children’s responses at 17 to 23 months.  The results suggested that maternal repetition of children’s verbal behaviors predicted the change of children’s independent completion in between 17 and 23 months of age.

社會化;幼兒;母親教養

socialization; young children; maternal parenting