本文以戰後初期臺灣糧食管制為例，討論以下四項課題：第一，日治 末期「總徵購總配給」制度在戰後初期無法運作的原因；第二，統治者運 用何種措施重新掌控臺灣糧食資源；第三，在糧食輸出政策的具體制定過 程當中，以臺灣供需條件為主要考量的臺灣省行政長官公署、與以調劑國 內糧食供需為主要考量的中央政府，兩者如何折衝制定糧食輸出政策；第 四，在禁止私運糧食出境的情況下，走私集團如何肆應官方政策、利用何 種制度及策略走私米糧。 1945年10月31日臺灣省行政長官公署公布〈臺灣省管理糧食臨時辦 法〉，其雖延續日治末期「總徵收總配給」制度，該制度不同於以往，國 家只配給糧食給公教人員，加上黑市價格與收購價差距頗大，造成農民繳 納糧食的意願低落，導致「收購」無法確保數額，配給亦將無以為繼。臺 灣省行政長官公署遂藉由民調結果建構了取消糧食統制的正當性，1946年 1月11日政府取消米穀統制，下令「封存」各縣市農倉稻穀，並挾輿論壓力 逼地主供出糧食，再以封存的米糧售予民眾，拉攏消費地民眾，但卻一再 拖延償還農民繳納米的徵購款，嚴重影響農民生計。 對於臺灣糧食輸出管制，中央與地方政府各執不同立場，雙方對於走 私行為的界定上有不同看法，因而出現法律規範的模糊地帶，利於兩岸走 私。為此，臺灣省政府透過管制措施，重新掌握糧食輸出決定權，排除中 央政府干預。面對國家管制米糧日趨嚴格之際，商人仍利用「合法」運 照進行「非法」走私貿易，或勾結警方掩護走私貿易，走私運糧食獲利頗 豐，成為冒險家致富的捷徑。 更重要的是，省政府雖掌握臺灣糧食資源，卻非留在省內供民眾自 用，卻是大量「移出」至中國，以及作為軍（眷）及公教糧。就此而言， 本文認為統治者在國家立場上頻頻榨取臺灣糧源，不僅沒有從臺灣民眾角度考量省內糧食供需，甚至要求民眾供出糧食，保障軍糧民食。

The study aims to investigate food control in post-war Taiwan by discuss four topic that related to food control, in order to appropriately and comprehensively to recognize this issue. The four topics are as follows. First, why the Japanese total procurement total ration system could not function in early post-war period? Second, what kind of strategy did the governor use to re-control food resources in Taiwan? Third, how did the Taiwan Provincial Governor's Office compromise with the central government on the policy of food exportation? Fourth, regarding to restricting private food exportation, how did smugglers deal with this policy? The Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office proclaimed “Provisional Act of Food Control in Taiwan Province” on Oct., 31th. 1945. Although the policy inherited the idea from Japanese colonial government’s total procurement total ration system, it was only directed against civil service. The common people followed the Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office’s fixed price and purchased grain from authorized retailers. Th e fixed price was far lower than black market, so that peasants refused to supply grain crop to the Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office. The Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office lost the control of food supply. Under the circumstance, the Office made a poll to legitimize canceling food control policy. On Jan., 11th, 1946, the Office canceled “Provisional Act of Food Control in Taiwan Province”, and sealed county barns for “safekeeping”. Then the Office forced landlords to hand in grain crops, and sold crops in barns to common people, in order to please them and to quell anger. On the other hand, the Office repeatedly postponed the payment of purchasing grain crops from peasant, and that made peasant’s life became very harsh. In terms of food exportation control, the central government and provincial government held opposite viewpoint on it, and had different definition on smuggle activities. Therefore, the different opinions on smuggle led to a grey area, which was contrarily beneficial to smuggle. For this purpose, the provincial government set up new control policy, excluded the interference from central government, and had the final say to food exportation again. Confronting to strict food control policy, the merchants utilized legal licenses or collaborated with police to cover illegal exportation. Thus, the merchants still made a fortune from smuggle. For those speculators, it became a short cut to become rich. Most important of all, though the Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office controlled food resources in Taiwan, the resources were not for Taiwan Province, but for troops in China. For that matter, this study has an idea that the Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office did not concern about food supply to Taiwanese people, they exploited food resource from Taiwan, and transferred them to troops in China.

糧食管制；臺灣省行政長官公署；臺灣省政府；走私

food control；Taiwan Provincial Governor’s Office；Taiwan Provincial Government；smuggle