67卷2期
/
2016 / 6
/
pp. 5 - 50
從歷史學的觀點執行社區總體營造
Performing Community Design with Historical Method
作者
陳梅卿
*
(國立成功大學歷史學系教授)
陳梅卿
*
國立成功大學歷史學系教授
中文摘要
本文主要記錄與討論作者參與的三個社區總體營造案。
第一案「臺南市孔廟文化園區社區總體營造計劃 以中山里七娘境為
例」,此案只執行 1 年,留下三個重要的發現。一、成人禮由在家庭舉行變
成到七娘境的開隆宮拜拜。二、宗教團體的主導者已不是社區德高望重的長
者,而是虔誠外來的企業經營者。三、中山路天主堂的教友村消失。
第二案「臺南府城大街歷史再現計劃」,目前仍在經營中,雖未達到執
行之初成立「布的博物館」之初衷,但整理社區的史料、發行社區報、社區
日誌,收集社區老照片文字化成個人史或家族史,使社區民眾重新認識自己
社區,重視及美化社區環境。2016 年臺南市政府提出新美街社區附近路面
鋪設及設計建築物立面之計劃。目前小巷內已出現許多商店,不再蕭條。
第三案「五條港歷史區域心點子計劃」,目前神農街已成著名老街,信
義街也鋪設路面,正興街也是人潮洶湧,五條港發展協會 12 年來還在努力
中,社區報、地圖、導覽手冊等的發刊,使社區民眾正點滴學習自己社區的
歷史、個人史⋯⋯。現在已逐漸達成住人的舊街活博物館之目標。
筆者是臺南市少數歷史系、專門是臺灣史站在第一線執行社區總體營造
者。用歷史學的方法,收集社區資料、田野調查、口述歷史,試圖填補空白
的地方史(社區史)。營造的方法與建築系分野的營造空間不同,與文史工
作者的復古風潮,只要是舊東西就是好的也不同,設計系則是營造商圈的作
法不同。筆者以建構民眾史的觀點,記錄庶民的動態,彌補長期來政府在中
原主義下,刻意讓臺灣史空白,唯有民眾自知自己、自家社區的歷史,擁有
自己的驕傲,才會有自覺。筆者靜靜地關懷社區內的民眾,樸實無華的經營。
發行刊物即是記錄,也希望成民眾交換意見、討論的平臺,透過討論社區內
形成共識。目前工作指標是營造社區內人人的生活幸福度更滿足,民眾能自覺自己對社區的權利、義務,希望能負起營造社區的責任。
英文摘要
The article is mainly about the three community design cases in which the
author has participated.
The first case, The Community Design Project of Tainan Confucian Temple
Cultural Park A Case Study of Seven Star Empress Temple in Zhongshan
Village, had been implemented for only one year, left three major discoveries as
follows:
(1) the holding of coming-of-age ceremony at home was replaced by worshiping
Seven Star Empress in Kailung Temple;
(2) the religious organization was not leaded by the elderly in the community
anymore, but be managed by the enterprise,
(3) the Catholic Village on Zhongshan Road disappeared,
The suspension of the project makes Fuzhong Street a street filled with
vendors after street development. The information of the community was not
arranged and recorded. The residents here neither recognize their community nor
be proud of the place they live, only concern about the crowds and business.
The second case, The Revival Project of The Main Street in Tainan, is
still on. Though the original purpose, establishing "Museum of Cloth", was not
accomplished, residents in the community had been familiar with their own
community again while arranging historical material of the community, publishing
community newspaper, collecting old pictures and article about the community and transforming them into personal or family history. Residents started to value
and beautify their community. In 2016, Tainan City Government proposed the
project of paving roads near the newly developed community and designing
the facade of constructions. Now there are a lot of stores in the alley, not bleak
anymore.
The third case is "The Five Rivers Historical Area Renewal Project".
Shennong Street has currently become a noted historical street. The road of
Xinyi Street had been paved. Zhengxin Street now draws the crowds. Members
of The Five Rivers Community Development Association, which has been set
up for twelve years, are still making great efforts on and on. The publication of
community newspaper, map and guidebook let residents gradually learn their own
community history and personal history. The goal of turning an old community
into a living museum is going to be achieved.
The author, who specialises in Taiwan History in Department of History,
is a rare historical scholar in Tainan that she also stands right in the forefront as
a community empowerment performer. The author researches with historical
method, such as collecting community data, field research and oral history,
trying to fill the vacancy of local history (community history). The community
design way of the author is different from the space creation of Department of
Architecture, also not the same as culture-history research workers' interpretation
of revival, which is "old thing is good", or the commercial area empowerment
of Department of Design. The author recorded the commoners' activities with
the hope to establish the commoners' history, to fill the blank of Taiwan History,
which was intentionally left under the government's longtime China centrism.
Only when the commoners know the history of their own selves and their hometown, will they have pride and consciousness. The author silently show care
for the community design, working down-to-earth. Publishing publication itself
is recording. The author wishes publication can become a platform for residents
to exchange opinions and discuss, reaching consensus of community affairs.
Right now the author's working vision of future is that residents in the community
can have higher satisfaction degree of life, and be conscious of their right and
obligation to the community, eventually taking over the responsibility to develop
their community.
中文關鍵字
社區總體營造;五條港;府城大街;五條港發展協會;府城大街
工作站;社區報;造街;家族史;展覽;社區音樂會;做 16 歲;
七娘境
英文關鍵字
community design;Five Rivers;Five Rivers Development Association,
Fuzhong Street Workstation;community newspaper;community design,
family history;exhibition;community music concert;celebration for
turning sixteen years old;Seven Star Empress Temple