日治時期糖場的運作，基本上是對蔗農的剝削。但是各個糖場的運作 方式不盡相同。本文主旨是想以個別的糖場——源成製糖場的運作，瞭解 日治時期源成農場的經營及其與蔗農之間的關係。 源成農場的成立與其他日資製糖會社獲得土地相似，都是透過日本政 府用國家的勢力，強制購買，擁有廣大面積的土地，再利用農場地主身分， 將土地出租農民種植甘蔗，提供源成農場製糖場使用。 源成農場透過官方勢力控有土地，為開墾及安撫農民，一開始約定農 民只要按時繳租，就可長期佃耕。隨著製糖事業的擴展，由改良糖廍轉型 為新式製糖場，所需的甘蔗原料愈來愈多。源成農場為控有更多的甘蔗， 便想轉為自作農場，將佃農起佃，改用領薪勞工。就如同矢內原忠雄所預 測的，受薪勞工如果要生活，必須聽從會社的指示，變成奴隸化。 因此，源成農場的佃戶起來抗爭。1920 年代獲得農民組合的協助與指 導，農場採取妥協的態度。但到了 1930 年代中後期，租佃契約的到期、換 約及農民組合瓦解，農民缺少指導者。源成農場先由小部分著手，收回土 地進行自作，蔗園由會社直營，將佃農變成雇工，一步一步吞食佃農的權 益。

This paper tries to use a single case –Gensei Farm- to observe how this farm run and its relationship with cane farmers in the period of Japanese governance. The establishment of Gensei Farm is similar to other Japanese-owned sugar companies. The land is acquired through the Japanese government using the power of the authority to compulsorily purchase. Therefore, own a large area of land. After that, using the status of farm landlord, the land is leased to farmers to grow sugarcane, which can be used by the sugar plant of Gensei Farm. Through help of the authority, Gensei Farm controls the land. In order to cultivate the land and appease the farmers, at the beginning the farm agreed that as long as the farmers paid the rent on time, they could have the permanent tenancy right. With the expansion of the sugar industry, new style sugar factory replaced the tradition improved sugar mills, and more and more sugarcane raw materials are needed. In order to control more sugarcane, Gensei farm wanted convert the leased land to its own planting farm, cease the permanent tenancy right of tenant farmers, and instead hire salaried workers. As Tadao Yanaihara（矢內原忠雄） have predicted, if salaried workers want to live, they must follow the instructions of the new style sugar factory and become slavery.

源成農場；改良糖廍；新式製糖場；永佃權；自作農場

Gensei Farm；Tradition Improved Sugar Mill；New Style Sugar Factory；The Permanent tenancy Right；Own Planting Farm