蔣經國生於1910年、留學俄國，胡適生於1891年、留學美國，二人分屬不同世代。在思想上蔣經國因長期負責情治工作，重視群體安危，主張採行俄國式的「一黨專政」，至晚年才有所改變；胡適則為中國近代自由主義的代表人物，畢生強調自由與人權，主張美國式的民主。本文用日記、報刊、政府檔案等史料探討1949至1962年間兩人的交往、互動。在表面上，蔣經國受父親指示以父執輩禮遇胡適。然而在日記中，他卻和父親一樣大力批判胡適，視其為「政客作風」、「狂妄」、「無人格與卑賤」、「反動」、「反政府」等。他並利用《青年戰士報》公開批胡適，以維護軍中思想的「純正」。此一「表裡不一」的矛盾，反映蔣氏父子既需要胡適、又厭惡胡適；既需要美國的支持，又對美式民主深具反感的心理。在此對抗的過程之中，蔣經國卻逐漸受到自由民主思想的衝擊，「表」的一面對「裡」的一面逐漸產生作用。這一過程也可以說在美蘇冷戰的格局之下，「民主的假戲」變成「真做」。胡適死後，中華民國在他的領導下，推動經濟改革、民主化，最後終於促成了政治轉型，實現了胡適的理想。

Chiang Ching-kuo was born in 1910 and studied in Russia, while Hu Shi was born in 1891 and studied in the United States. They belonged to different generations. Chiang Ching-kuo was responsible for Taiwan's intelligence work for a long time and thus stressed the safety and security of the public. In ideology, he advocated the Soviet-style “one-party dictatorship” untill his final years. Hu Shi, on the other hand, spent his life upholding the value of individual freedom and promoting American-style liberal democracy. He was a reknown scholar and representative figure of modern Chinese liberalism. This article examines the interactions between the two men from 1949 to 1962 using historical sources such as journals, newspapers, and government records. On the surface, Chiang Ching¬kuo was instructed by his father to treat Hu Shi with the courtesy reserved of an elder. In his diary, however, he shared his father's criticism of Hu, describing him as of “politician style,” “arrogant,” “dishonorable and lowly,” “reactionary,” “anti¬government,” and so on. He also used the Young Warrior Daily to attack Hu Shi publicly in order to maintain thought control in the military. This contradiction reflected the fact that the Chiangs hated Hu Shi yet needed to court him. Similarly, they needed the support of the United States but had a strong aversion to American style democracy. In the process of these interactions Chiang Ching-kuo gradually came under the influence of liberal and democratic ideas, and his “outward performance” gradually eroded his “inner beliefs.” This process can also be described as the Chiangs' “play-acting at democracy” evolving into a genuine effort to become one against the background of the U.S.-Soviet Cold War. Long after Hu Shi’s death, the Republic of China under Chiang Ching-kuo's leadership adopted economic reform and democratization, eventually leading to a political transformation that realized Hu’s life-long ideal.

蔣中正；蔣經國；胡適；民主化；《青年戰士報》

Chiang Kai-shek; Chiang Ching-kuo; Hu Shi; democratization; Young Warrior Daily