「國歌」作為國家的象徵符號，國歌的內容與「唱國歌」的儀態也反映著一 國的建國歷史與愛國身體規訓。今日唱國歌時「全體肅立」的身體表現，可追溯 自19世紀末中國大陸對西方新式軍隊訓練的吸收，以及20世紀初軍國民教育思潮 的推廣，而「國歌」詞曲的誕生，則是在上述背景下，與國民黨在中國大陸的發 展脈絡相連結。 1949年後，國民黨的軍事化思維與黨國體制隨之來到臺灣，而原為黨歌的 《中華民國國歌》，也在非常時期下被臺灣人義務性傳唱，從教育到娛樂，從學 校到戲院，無不看見「全體肅立唱國歌」的儀式展現。 然而，在臺灣從威權走向民主的道路上，有關《中華民國國歌》的爭議卻從 未停歇，或以言論表達國歌的正當性缺失、或以「改國歌」與「坐著」聽國歌的 行動抗議「吾黨所宗」與「全體肅立」等愛國義務表現。隨著民主自由時代的來 臨，有關「國歌」的身體規訓與歌詞內涵不再是無法撼動的高牆，而成為可受人 民公開評價、論辯甚至改革的對象。

The “national anthem” is seen as a symbol of a country. The lyrics of the na- tional anthem may reflect the country’s history, and the performance of “singing national anthem” is an indication of the body discipline demanded in each country. People in Taiwan are asked to “stand at attention” when singing the national an- them. This bodily requirement originated in the German military training introduced by Qing dynasty at the end of the 19th century, which was then reinforced by the educational thoughts of military-training promoted by Chinese intellectuals in the early 20th century. The “National Anthem of the Republic of China” is therefore a product of the above developments and closely related to the history of the Kuo- mintang (KMT) on the Mainland. In 1949, the KMT came to Taiwan and brought with it both Military Education and the Party-state System. The “National Anthem of the Republic of China” thus was sung in that required manner by the people in Taiwan under the KMT’s author- itarian rule. At that time, each place became a surveillance space, whether it was an educational institution or an entertainment facility. People in Taiwan had to “stand at attention” whenever they heard the national anthem. As Taiwan transitions from authoritarianism to democracy, the debate on the “National Anthem of the Republic of China” has emerged. People began to ques- tion the legitimacy of the national anthem and resist “performing” for the national anthem through protests. These protests include rewriting the lyrics of the national anthem and refusing to stand up while the national anthem is played. The democratization of Taiwan has shaken one of the key foundations of the KMT Party-state, i.e., its “national anthem.” Due to changes in Taiwan’s political structure, the meaning behind the lyrics of the national anthem and the body disci- pline associated with “singing national anthem” are no longer preordained. They could be subjected to public scrutiny, debates and reforms.

唱國歌；黨國體制；軍事化身體；黨化教育；國歌片

Singing the National Anthem; Party-State System; Militarized Body; Party Education; National Anthem Before Movies