當 WTO 的會員是交易關係中的進口方時，在某些情況下會選擇 不履行對貿易自由化的承諾，此時進口方與出口方便會產生在概念上 與經驗上有別於貿易爭端的「貿易爭執」(trade quarrel)。本文旨在釐 清什麼（或哪些）因素導致這樣的爭執發生。透過對兼具進／出口方 身分的臺灣，以及與之相關的肉品和果品貿易個案進行研究，發現出 口方的「經濟利益受損」是引發爭執的關鍵，不受商品種類、事件類 型、國際標準是否中立等因素之影響。然而，小國為出口方時，難以 仿效大國維護自身利益的方式，因此較容易在爭執過程中居於劣勢。

When a WTO member is the importer in a transaction, it can, under certain conditions, decide not to fulfill its commitment to trade liberalization. At that moment, the importer and the exporter will have a trade quarrel (conceptually and empirically distinct from a trade dispute). This paper explores what variable(s) cause such quarrels. Through the study of Taiwan, which is both an importer and exporter, and the related cases of Taiwan’s meat and fruit trade quarrels, this paper demonstrates that the exporter’s economic interests are the key to triggering such quarrels, regardless of the types of goods, the attribute of events, and whether international standards are neutral or not. However, when the exporter is a small country in terms of its state power, it is difficult to imitate the way that powerful states defend their interests; therefore, small countries are more often at a disadvantage in trade quarrels.

貿易爭執;經濟利益;衛生安全;法益衝突;技術政治

Trade Quarrels; Economic Interests; Health Security; Conflict of Legal Rights; Technopolitics