本文提出「學習型威權主義」的概念，來討論中國政府的政策學 習過程，包括三個環節：政策汲取、擴散與調適。政策汲取是指中共 向外國借鑑適合的經驗或制度；政策擴散指當中央決定學習某項政策 後，將透過國家力量推動至全國；政策調適是各地方因地制宜進行局 部政策調整，並將相關經驗反饋到中央，協助其進一步修補相關的法 規。本文以習近平「新時代」的雙創政策為案例，以福建與廣東的案 例，討論「學習型威權主義」的運作。

This study proposes the concept of “learning authoritarianism” to discuss the policy learning process of the Chinese government, which includes three elements, namely, policy drawing, diffusion, and adaptation. First, policy drawing denotes that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) learns appropriate experiences or practices from other countries. Once the central government decides to learn a certain policy, it will then use national power to implement policy diffusion. Finally, policy adaptation, that is, local adjustments of policy content, is conducted in accordance with local conditions to strengthen the flexibility of policy implementation and give feedback on relevant experiences to the central government to assist it in further amending relevant laws and regulations. We use the “double innovation” (shuang chuang) policy of the Xi Jinping period as a case study and discuss the cases of Fujian and Guangdong to elucidate local policy adaptation and feedback to the central government. In the operation of “learning authoritarianism,” the central government strengthened its control over the process of policy implementation and allocated local governments with limited autonomy for innovation.

政策汲取;政策擴散;政策調適;學習型威權主義;雙創

Policy Drawing; Policy Diffusion; Policy Adaptation; Learning Authoritarianism; Double Innovation