一、前言 儒家之道,是一種主張秩序與和諧的道德律,平易近情,切近人事,注重實踐力行,以調和群己關係,促進社會進步,以德潤身,以善及人,具有[我為人人,人人為我]的精神,亞洲四小龍的崛起,能夠創造現代化的經濟成就,顯然與儒家思想有密切的關連,儒家的敬業樂群,儉樸自制,負責盡職,自強不息的美德,有助於政治的安定,社會的和諧,企業的發展,經濟的成長,則是不爭的事實。 二、儒學的特質 蔣公中正認為中華文的基礎,一為倫理,二為民主,三為科學。儒家思想是中華文化的主流,所以儒學的特質,也可以涵蓋此三者,不過,就儒學的發展來看,這三者顯然是有其本末輕重,未可等量齊觀。但是我們今天來談儒學,便要能知所因革損益,守經達變,與時偕行,日新又新,適應時代需要,盱衡未來發展,把握儒學的特質,家以活學活用,以求開物成務之道。 三、儒學現代化 現代化是人類求進步求革新的過程,這一過程,是一種連續性的不斷的變革漢創新,它是以科學知識為基礎,以科學技術為利器,在不同的歷史條件,不同的社會環境下,以不同的速度,不同的順序,不同的樣式,在發展在變話。使人有更美好的生活,更高效率的工作,更舒適的享受。其內涵至為豐富,國內學者有不同的說法,舉其要者應包括下列五項:1.科學化。2.工業化。3.都市化。4.民主化。5.大眾化。現代化是多樣性的發展,沒有最終目標,它的內涵在不斷的擴充,不斷的創新,以追求更理想的境界。至於傳統和現代,在時間上雖有先後的不同,但在二者之間並沒有明確的界線。在經驗世界中,找不到絕對的傳統,也找不到絕對的現代。傳統和現代糾纏不清,在傳統中有現代,在現代中有傳統,而現代化就是傳統和現代的混血兒。 在傳統與現代之間,有矛盾性,也有相容性。如何轉化其矛盾性,接納其相容性,以補益現代化,從而充實現代化的內涵,需要高度的智慧與技巧。因為現代化是一個[與時俱進]的動態連續體,是一個永無休止的變革過程。它必須面對現代,而善用現代;前瞻未來,而能安排未來。面對現代,前瞻未來,要能兼顧傳統與現代,綜合東方與西方,以理性為原則,以知識為指針,以良知為動力,以責任為支柱,去解決面臨的問題,改善生活的方式,豐富生活的內涵,增進生活的福祉,提高生活的品質。 四、結論 現代社會是多元化的社會,科學的發展已邁入資訊化,社會中的各專業都以知識為導向,而傳播媒體的溝通,也都以知識為基礎,知識就是權力,知識決定一切。社會的發展,生活的進步,經濟的繁榮,企業的管理等,在在都需要足夠的知識,來掌握現在,規畫未來。使現代企業對外能順應世界潮流,以求深入發展;對內能適應時空條件,以求革新進步。當現代社會成為知識性的生態體系時,社會中的任何一位決策者,都應具備整體思考的能力,能夠在適當的時機作出適當的價值判斷,並採取適當的措施,來解決面臨的問題,適應社會的需要,增進社會的福祉。 今天是主權在民的時代,是一切講求現代化的時代,也是知識決定一切的時代,當代中國知識分子,要負起承先啟後的責任。而知識分子本身,必須要有前瞻的眼光,高深的學問,卓越的智慧,漢仁民愛物的襟懷,犧牲奉獻的精神,同時又能兼顧傳統與現代,綜合東方與西方,建立一個中西合璧、新舊合一、完整而正確的知識體系,以讀取歷史的經驗,掌握時代的脈動,盱衡未來的發展,擬訂對治的方法,開創出一個[行而世為天下法,言而世為天下則]的典型,作為中國現代化的指導原則。我們深信:中國統一大業的完成、中國民主均富的前途,全都繫於海峽兩岸中國知識分子的普遍覺醒與共同奮鬥。
I. Foreword: Confucianism is a morality which advocates order and harmony. It is an ethics easy to follow, and very pragmatic, blancing the relationship between self and group, prompting the development between self and group, prompting the development of society, elevating self and benefitting others, upholding the spirit of “one for all' all for one”; the arising of the four Asian dragons in economic development and modernization is undoubtedly closely related to Confuciansim. Confucianism's emphasis upon social unity, frugality, responsibility, diligence, contributes to political stability, social harmony and economic development. II. The Essentials of Confucianism: Chiang Kei-Sheh stresses that the three foundations of Chinese culture are family ethics, democracy, and science. As the mainstream of Chinese culture, so the essentials of Confucianism can cover these three foundations; however, as far as the development of Confucianism is concernd, these three foundations have an order of priority. So how to adjust to the modern times is an essential concern for Confucianism. III. the Modernization of Confucianism: Modernization is the process of human evolution. This process is a continuous change and revolution based on scientific knowledge, utilizing scientific technique, under different historical circumstances to provide people with better life at different paces of each stage. It comprises five items: 1). scientificalization 2). industrialization 3). urbanization 4). democratization 5). popularization. Modernzation is a manifold development without an ultimate goal, enlarging its content all the time, reaching for greater ideal; as for the traditionalism and the modernism, there is no clear cut division, In real world, they are interwined. Modernization is the child of the hybrid. There are both contradictions and compromise between the modernism and the tradionalism; how to reduce the contradictions ahd find the common ground to contribute to modernization requires wisdom and skills, because modernization is a dynamic evolution. We must make the best use of the tradionalism and the modernism, bridging the East and the West to improve our life. IV. conclusion: Modern society is mulitplicity-oriented, with rapid development of massive information. Knowledge is power. To adapt to the fast changing world, one must have the capability of integrated thinking. As this is an era of democratization, of modernization, and of power of knowledge, the Chinese intellectuals in today's Society have their historical mission. They must have far-looking vision, great learning, outstanding wisdom, benevolent compassion, and the spirit of sacrificing to create a new set of values for future development and modernization of China; this is the mission for all Chinese intellectuals to strive for.
傳統、現代化、多元化、三至主義
Cafucianism, modernization, Chines culture, dynamic evolution