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粵語入聲的語音學特點
Phonetic Features of the Entering(“Ru” tone) in Cantonese
作者
楊信川
*
(廣西大學中文系教授)
楊信川
*
廣西大學中文系教授
中文摘要
本文對粵語入聲的語音特點進行計算機聲學語音學分析。通過對入聲與舒聲在音長、音高、響度和音色的對比分析,說明入聲的語音特點主要表現為時長的短促這一超音段特徵和帶塞音尾這一音段特徵。在音高和音強方面,入聲與舒聲並無規律性差異;在調型上,入聲與舒聲不同。因此,入聲不應看作是與平、上、去並列的一種聲調,而應看作是一個與上述聲調相對立的單獨的音型類別。如果強調其音長方面的區別性特徵,則入聲是一種時位,如果考慮其塞音尾在漢語音型中的獨特性,則可把它看作是一類韻。考慮到陽聲韻的鼻音也屬於塞尾,前一說法更為合理。
英文摘要
The author gives an analysis of phonetic features of the entering tone (“Ru” tone) in Cantonese on a computational linguistic basis. Through the contrasts in duration, pitch, loudness and quality between the entering tone and “shu” tones (the level tone, the falling-rising tone and the falling tone), the phonetic features of the former are of very short duration in time and with plosive final shown respectively as its super segmental and segmental features. As far as pitch and intensity are concerned, on regular difference is seen between the entering tone and “shu” tones while they differ from each other in tone types, as a result of which the entering tone should be regarded as a single type contrast to the level tone, the falling-rising tone ad the falling tone rather than a parallel with them. And under the condition that its distinctive features in duration are emphasized the entering tone would be regarded, as a phoneme while it would be a kind of vowel when its unique plosive finals are taken into consideration. The first assertion of a phoneme should be more reasonable in respect of the nasals in rising-tone vowels (vowels with m or n or ng as the terminal sound), which also fall into the category of plosive finals.
中文關鍵字
入聲、音長、音高、音質、響度、聲學
英文關鍵字
the entering tone, duration, pitch, quality, loudness, plosive, finals