六〇年代（一九六一～一九七〇）是臺灣文壇蓬勃發展、快速變化的一個重要時期。它一方面接續五〇年代的家國政治大敘述潮流，一方面在各種當代思潮的引進和衝擊下，開創出許多不同創作風格和議題的文學流派。六〇年代臺灣文學的繁複與深度，不但超越同時期的大陸文學，更為下幾個世代的文學奠定精緻而多元的典範。在一般的臺灣文學使分期中，往往泛稱五〇年代為反共懷鄉文學，六〇年代為現代主義文學，而七〇年代為鄉土文學。以十年為一世代，固然是文學斷代時慣用的權宜方法，因襲日久卻也容易誤導讀者，簡化文學現象及互動傳承。 本篇論文的目的即在探討這三種流派在六〇年代共存共容的狀況，闡明六〇年代實是一個合縱連橫的世代。它兼容書寫大陸鄉土和反共復國的大陸文學脈絡，和由西方思潮衝擊出的現代主義文學，並醞釀出以台灣本土人物風情為主的鄉土文學。三派都不單受中國文學或西洋文學影響，而是中西合璧的新型態的現代中國文學。在文學史常列的這三個主流之外，本篇要指出另一個受人忽略，卻在五六〇年代已然成形的流派——橫跨這三類又具備獨特性的女性文學。這四種文學同時在六〇年代並行不悖。可說是臺灣文學在戰後的第一次百花齊放。中西藝術傳統和大陸臺灣風情短兵相接，碰撞出燦爛的文學火花。

The 1960s is an important period during which the Taiwanese literary circle flourished and shifted rapidly. On the one hand, it inherited the trend of the grand narrative of nation as family of the 50s; on the other hand, it cradled many literary schools having different artistic styles and concerns. The complexity and depth of the 60s' Taiwanese literature not only towered over those of the contemporary Mainland Chinese literature, but also erected the literature of the period as the model of subtlety and diversity for the later generations. In the general periodization of Taiwanese literature, the 50s literature is often termed as anticommunist and nostalgic literature, the 60s literature is the modernist literature, and the 70s literature is the nativist literature. The purpose of this essay is to explore that the three literary schools were in fact coexistent and compatible with each other during the 60s. None of the above three schools had its origin solely in the Chinese literature or Western literature; instead, every of them was a hybrid of the Chinese and Western sources, a new form of modern Taiwanese literature. In addition, this essay attempts to examine another school that is often neglected and yet had taken shape in the 50s and 60s - the female literature that had preserved its uniqueness in its transcendence of the three schools. These four literary schools coexisted peacefully in the 60s, which represented the first flourish of literature in postwar Taiwan. As the artistic traditions of the West and the East, the cultural styles of Mainland China and Taiwan, entered a clash with each other, the outcome was a splendid sparkle of literature.

反共、懷鄉、現代主義、鄉土、女性文學

Anticommunism, Nostalgia, Modernism, Nativist, Female Literature