明清時代朝鮮人依據在燕京、瀋陽、熱河等地的遊歷經驗,撰寫成各式各樣的紀錄,這些紀錄後來被學界彙集成《燕行錄》。尤其《燕行錄全集》於2001年出版之後,更啟發我們在中韓關係研究的新方向。目前韓、日、中學界,以《燕行錄》為主要材料,針對中韓關係史的研究成果已累積一定業績。韓國學界針對此領域的研究已有相當時間,所觸及的議題涵蓋各層面;日本學界在中韓關係史的領域也早有深入的研究成果,近來則逐漸在東亞關係史和交流史的脈絡中,開始注意《燕行錄》史料的重要性;而1990年以來,中文學界也逐漸開始關注《燕行錄》,在許多課題上有了新的研究成果。筆者在閱讀相關研究成果時,發現因為材料零散、加上語言不同,導致韓、日、中學界的研究成果中,重複者頗多。綜觀如今已發掘的燕行紀錄,其規模如此龐大,但多數卻還未做解題,且整體、系統性的研究成果仍嫌不足。當前韓、日、中三國研究《燕行錄》的重點,集中在朝貢關係(政治)、朝貢貿易(經濟)、華夷觀念(思想)、文化交流與傳播(交流)等四個面向。本文透過整理過去的研究成果,並探討已有的論點,以此展望未來的研究方向,提供給感興趣的研究者參考,並希望能引起中文學界對此一材料更多的關注。
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Joseon people kept all kinds of records pertaining to traveling experiences in Yan Jing (燕京), Shen Yang (瀋陽), and Re He (熱河). These records were later compiled by the academic circle as the Yeon Haeng Rok (燕行錄). Particularly, the publication of the complete works of Yeon Haeng Rok in 2001 were inspired a new research direction in the study of Sino-Korean relations. Now, among the Korean, the Japanese, and the Chinese academic circles, research work regarding the history of Sino-Korean relations has accumulated certain achievements mainly based on materials of the Yeon Haeng Rok. The Korean academic circle has studied this domain for quite some time, and has mentioned issues at various levels. The Japanese academic circle has had significant research results in the history of Sino-Korean relations history, and recently it gradually started to focus on the importance of historical materials of the Yeon Haeng Rok with respect to the historical context of the East Asia relations and exchange. Since 1990, the Chinese academic circle has also gradually started to pay close attention to the Yeon Haeng Rok, and has had new research results regarding many topics. When reading the related research results, the author found that although the Korean, the Chinese and the Japanese academic circles all have very abundant research results; due to scattered materials and different languages, there have been many duplicated research results. Making a comprehensive survey of the Yeon Haeng Rok records that have been found to date, I found that the scope is so large and most of it has not been interpreted, and thus that the overall or systematic research results are still lacking. At present, the research on the Yeon Haeng Rok from Korea, Japan and China are focused on four aspects: tributary relations (politics), tributary trade (economics), sino-centrism (thought), cultural exchange and diffusion. This article looks ahead to future research directions by means of arranging past research results as well as discussing existing contentions in order to provide interested researchers with references and to bring about more attention from the Chinese academic circle regarding the materials.
朝鮮;燕京;瀋陽;熱河;燕行錄;朝貢關係;朝貢貿易;華夷觀念;文化交流
Joseon朝鮮;Yan Jing燕京;Shen Yang瀋陽;Re He熱河;Yeon Haeng Rok燕行錄;Tributary relations;Tributary trade;sino-centrism