1945年日本廣島、長崎遭原子彈轟炸後，世人震驚之餘，開始以「原子時代」（Atomic Age）一詞形容自己身處的世界。各國當局受到刺激，紛起動念研究原子能或其他國防科學科技。即使是科學科技基礎薄弱的中華民國，也於戰後初期留用日本科學家，籌劃設立中央研究院近代物理研究所（備選名稱為原子物理研究所、特種物理研究所），試圖啟動自身的原子彈研製計畫。1946年起，中華民國政府又先後成立國防部第六廳、國防部國防科學委員會等軍事機構。其中，國防部第六廳負責國防科學科技研發政策的制訂與執行，國防科學委員會則負責聯繫協調各軍事、行政部門以及學術機構。這些機構初期工作重點，均以原子能、雷達研究為主。雖然受到國共戰爭局勢的影響，原子能研究逐漸停擺，但雷達研究及其他兵工項目依舊持續進行，對往後的軍事科技發展產生深遠影響。本文即以此時期的國防部第六廳、國防科學委員會的計畫與運作為例，探討 戰後初期中華民國對所謂「原子時代」的初步理解、政府當局肆應新局所謀劃的國防建設藍圖，以及他們所遭逢的時代困境。

In the aftermath of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, a shaken world entered a new era now known as the “Atomic Age.” Nations around the globe mobilized their industrial might in accelerated research on atomic energy or other related national defense science and technology. Even the Republic of China, conventionally a weaker scientific and technological presence, tried to retain Japanese scientists to set up research capabilities such as the Institute of Modern Physics at Academia Sinica (or the Institute of Atomic Physics, the Institute of Special Physics). Since 1946, the Republic of China had also established a unit called J6 under the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense, the National Defense Science Committee (NDSC) of the Ministry of National Defense, and other military institutions. Among them, J6 was responsible for the national defense science and technology research and the development of related policies, and NDSC was to serve as a platform for cooperation between the military, government and academia institutions. These early establishment all listed the study and development of the so-called “special physics,” i.e. atomic energy and radar technology, as key objectives. While the research in atomic energy was halted and paralyzed due to difficult circumstances in the Chinese Civil War, radar and other ordnance projects continued, resulting in profound and positive impacts on ROC’s military technology. This article focuses on the planning and operations of the J6 and NDSC as an example of postwar China’s response to the “Atomic Age,” the blueprint of national defense construction that was constructed by the ROC government, and the dilemma they had encountered in the late 1940s.

原子彈；原子能；雷達；軍事科技

Atomic Bomb; Atomic Energy; Radar; Military Technology